Analysis of signifi cant factors of forming neurosis-like enuresis in children

Our research was focused on systemic analysis of clinical information with accent on somatic factors which caused forming of neurosislike enuresis as well as on study of particularities of family relationship and their infl uence on personality development of children taking into account gender differences. Clinical and psychological examination of 90 children (66 boys and 24 girls) at age from 6 to 17 years with neurosis-like enuresis was carried out. It was found that the whole complex of factors lead to forming of enuresis. They are: unripeness of cortex, systemic connective tissue dysplasia, frequent colds, chickenpox in anamnesis, chronic rhinitis as well as signifi cant violations of upbringing in families such as dominant hyperprotection, failure of system of requirements, bans, duties and sanctions for disturbances of norms and rules of behavior; family relationship disorders due to personality problems in parents Strategic directions and individual methods of clinical and psychological rehabilitation of children with enuresis and their families were elaborated. They included complex of therapy, forming of knowledge about illness and adequate attitude to it as well as correct organization of family life and communicative skills training for parents. Keywords: children, neurosis-like enuresis, relations in family, clinical and psychological rehabilitation

Infant mental health: classification and relevance for clinicians

SummaryInfant mental health is a growing research area, but findings have not generally translated into new service developments. Recognising mental health problems in young infants is relevant for clinicians in all mental health specialties, but it can be a particular challenge to make diagnoses in very young children. Mental health classification systems are fraught with the difficulties of standardising diagnoses for infants, while trying to provide a clinically useful and relevant framework. The diagnostic classification DC:0–3 appears to have strengths, for example, a clear space to consider relationship disorders, and therefore encouraging a broad assessment of the child and family. More information is beginning to gather regarding infant mental health services around the world and assessment of this patient group in clinical practice. This commentary aims to help inform clinicians about this developing field.

Impact of Paternal Depression in Father's Perceptions About Infant’s Characteristics: A Pilot Study

Background:Maternal postpartum depression is known to negatively affect parenting and the mother-child relationship. When compared with non-depressed mothers, depressed ones have more often negative perceptions about their child's characteristics. This cognitive distortion can be a mechanism that mediates mother-child relationship disorders. Postpartum depression in fathers and its effects on parenting are understudied and rarely recognised as relevant in clinical practice.Aims: Our purpose with this work is to examine the association between paternal depression and the father's perceptions about his infant, namely the infant's temperament and the difficulty in dealing with the usual daily problems posed by the new baby.Method:50 families were recruited in primary care consultations. Data were collected at time points ranging from 3 months to 24 months postpartum. Paternal and maternal depression were measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. The father's perceptions about the infant were measured using the Infant Characteristics Questionnaire and the Daily Hassles Scale.Results and conclusion:The study is still ongoing.

One-Hundred Cases of Suicide in Budapest

The authors performed a case-controlled psychological autopsy study of 100 successive suicides in Budapest, examining the presence of major depression, alcohol, and drug and/or medicament dependency/ abuse according to DSM-IV. The presence of somatic diseases, psychosocial stress, oppressive experiences, and interpersonal relationship disorders within the period of 1 month previous to death was also examined. The control group of 100 people who died of natural causes was identical with the suicide group in respect of number, sex, and age. Results: Among those committing suicide, psychosocial stress, oppressive experiences, and interpersonal relationship disorders were much more frequent and behavioral changes occurred more often in the weeks preceding death compared to the control group. A single suicide attempt during one's life span did not prove to be predictive for a later fatal action, but multiple attempts did. Major depression was diagnosed in 36% of the cases in the suicide group and 17% in the control group. Half of major-depressed suicides (18 persons) and almost all in the control group (16 persons) suffered from reactive (secondary) major depression as a result of somatic disease. Severe alcoholism was found in 33% of the suicide cases and in 44% of the control group. Drug and/or medicament consumption (misuse and/or abuse) occurred in 14% and 8% of the cases, respectively. The data emphasize again that alcoholism seems to be one of the most serious problems in Hungary both in psychological and somatic illnesses.