A study and Description of the Femtocells Wireless Communication Networks

In this paper the femtocell base station called as Femtocell Access Point (FAP) was descriped and studied. The femtocell (FAP) is fully user deployed and hence reduces the infrastructure, maintenance and operational cost of the operator while at the same time providing good Quality of Service (QoS) to the end user and high network capacity gains. The surest way to increase the system capacity and data rates can be achieved efficiently in a wireless system by getting the transmitter and receiver closer to each other. In a network with nomadic users, this inevitably involves deploying more infrastructure, typically in the form of microcells, hotspots, distributed antennas, or relays. Femtocells deployed in the macrocell significantly improve the indoor coverage and provide better user experience. In this paper the four indoor propagation path loss models with simulated data for different scenarios at 2 GHz are presented In additions the Simulation were carried out in two different scenarios LOS and NLOS for max 50m femtocell and max 100m macrocell network. The simulation results was implemented using Matlab code software.

DNS/DANE Collision-Based Distributed and Dynamic Authentication for Microservices in IoT †

IoT devices provide real-time data to a rich ecosystem of services and applications. The volume of data and the involved subscribe/notify signaling will likely become a challenge also for access and core networks. To alleviate the core of the network, other technologies like fog computing can be used. On the security side, designers of IoT low-cost devices and applications often reuse old versions of development frameworks and software components that contain vulnerabilities. Many server applications today are designed using microservice architectures where components are easier to update. Thus, IoT can benefit from deploying microservices in the fog as it offers the required flexibility for the main players of ubiquitous computing: nomadic users. In such deployments, IoT devices need the dynamic instantiation of microservices. IoT microservices require certificates so they can be accessed securely. Thus, every microservice instance may require a newly-created domain name and a certificate. The DNS-based Authentication of Named Entities (DANE) extension to Domain Name System Security Extensions (DNSSEC) allows linking a certificate to a given domain name. Thus, the combination of DNSSEC and DANE provides microservices’ clients with secure information regarding the domain name, IP address, and server certificate of a given microservice. However, IoT microservices may be short-lived since devices can move from one local fog to another, forcing DNSSEC servers to sign zones whenever new changes occur. Considering DNSSEC and DANE were designed to cope with static services, coping with IoT dynamic microservice instantiation can throttle the scalability in the fog. To overcome this limitation, this article proposes a solution that modifies the DNSSEC/DANE signature mechanism using chameleon signatures and defining a new soft delegation scheme. Chameleon signatures are signatures computed over a chameleon hash, which have a property: a secret trapdoor function can be used to compute collisions to the hash. Since the hash is maintained, the signature does not have to be computed again. In the soft delegation schema, DNS servers obtain a trapdoor that allows performing changes in a constrained zone without affecting normal DNS operation. In this way, a server can receive this soft delegation and modify the DNS zone to cope with frequent changes such as microservice dynamic instantiation. Changes in the soft delegated zone are much faster and do not require the intervention of the DNS primary servers of the zone.

DNS-Based Dynamic Authentication for Microservices in IoT

IoT devices provide with real-time data to a rich ecosystems of services and applications that will be of uttermost importance for ubiquitous computing. The volume of data and the involved subscribe/notify signaling will likely become a challenge also for access and core netkworks. Designers may opt for microservice architectures and fog computing to address this challenge while offering the required flexibility for the main players of ubiquitous computing: nomadic users. Microservices require strong security support for Fog computing, to rely on nodes in the boundary of the network for secure data collection and processing. IoT low cost devices face outdated certificates and security support, due to the elapsed time from manufacture to deployment. In this paper we propose a solution based on microservice architectures and DNSSEC, DANE and chameleon signatures to overcome these difficulties. We will show how trap doors included in the certificates allow a secure and flexible delegation for off-loading data collection and processing to the fog. The main result is showing this requires minimal manufacture device configuration, thanks to DNSSEC support.

Use of Experimental Ethno-Methods to Evaluate the User Experience with Mobile Interactive Multimedia Systems

This chapter discusses research initially supported by the Vodafone Group Foundation and the British Royal Academic of Engineering, and subsequently by the BT Mobility Research Centre. It aims to unfold the user experience in future scenarios of mobile interactive multimedia systems, such as mobile iTV with plausible significance in entertainment, work, and government environments. Consolidated and experimental ethnographic data gathering techniques have been used to understand how peripatetic and nomadic users such as commuters and travelers interact in real contexts, taking into account their physical and social environment together with their emotions and feelings during interaction with the system. This approach potentially enhances the consistency and relevance of the results. This chapter also envisages how mobile users could become a sort of ‘DIY producers’ of digital content, prompting the emergence of mobile communities that collaborate to create their own ‘movies’ and exchanging them not only with other users but also places (real and virtual environments) and objects (intelligent objects and other digital-physical hybrids). This work illustrates that mobile and pervasive TV would go further than merely broadcasting TV content on handhelds; it will be a platform that will support collaboration and enhancement of creative skills among users.