Sterol Glucosyltransferases Tailor Polysaccharide Accumulation in Arabidopsis Seed Coat Epidermal Cells

The conjugation of sterols with a Glc moiety is catalyzed by sterol glucosyltransferases (SGTs). A portion of the resulting steryl glucosides (SG) are then esterified with a long-chain fatty acid to form acyl-SG (ASG). SG and ASG are prevalent components of plant cellular membranes and influence their organization and functional properties. Mutant analysis had previously inferred that two Arabidopsis SGTs, UGT80A2 and UGT80B1/TT15, could have specialized roles in the production of SG in seeds, despite an overlap in their enzymatic activity. Here, we establish new roles for both enzymes in the accumulation of polysaccharides in seed coat epidermal cells (SCEs). The rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) content of the inner layer of seed mucilage was higher in ugt80A2, whereas RG-I accumulation was lower in mutants of UGT80B1, with double mutant phenotypes indicating that UGT80A2 acts independently from UGT80B1. In contrast, an additive phenotype was observed in double mutants for increased galactoglucomannan (GGM) content. Double mutants also exhibited increased polymer density within the inner mucilage layer. In contrast, cell wall defects were only observed in mutants defective for UGT80B1, while more mucilage cellulose was only observed when UGT80A2 was mutated. The generation of a range of phenotypic effects, simultaneously within a single cell type, demonstrates that the adjustment of the SG and ASG composition of cellular membranes by UGT80A2 and UGT80B1 tailors polysaccharide accumulation in Arabidopsis seeds.

KAJIAN DESAIN PADA TEKSTIL TIRUAN BATIK DI SIDOMULYO NGAWI SEBAGAI TEKSTIL UNTUK SERAGAM

Batik craft in Ngawi Regency first appeared in Tempurejo, Banyubiru Village, which is called Griya Batik Sidomulyo. ‘Batik Imitation’ products have been produced as uniforms for government or private agencies in Ngawi Regency. The problems discussed are animed at determining the background of Griya Batik Sidomulyo’s production of batik imitations as textiles for uniforms and the aspects considered in designing batik imitation uniforms. The method in this research uses descriptive qualitative methods with a design approach. The research location was conducted at Griya Batik Sidomulyo Ngawi. The design approach is used to study the imitation of cold wax printed batik cloth. The result of this study are the background of Griya Batik Sidomulyo producing batik imitation, beginning with producing hand-written batik. Production of cold wax printed batik imitations from 2010 until now. Efforts to produce imitation batik fabrics to be able to meet market at a relatively cheaper price. Fabric production does not only meet design requirements but must be by market demands dan buyers. The aspects considered in designing have similarities and differences in the functional, aesthetics, materials, and production processes. Other conciderations require consumer tastes, trends mode, marketing to establish communication.Keywords: design, batik imitation, sidomulyo, uniform.AbstrakKerajinan batik di Kabupaten Ngawi muncul pertama kali di Tempurejo, Desa Banyubiru yang bernama Griya Batik Sidomulyo. Secara visual desain tampak rapi dan komposisi coraknya bagus, serta hasil produksinya lebih awet dan tidak mudah luntur. Produk ‘tiruan batik’ telah diproduksi sebagai seragam instansi pemerintah maupun swasta di Kabupaten Ngawi. Permasalahan yang dibahas bertujuan untuk mengetahui latar belakang Griya Batik Sidomulyo memproduksi tiruan batik sebagai tekstil untuk seragam dan aspek-aspek yang dipertimbangkan dalam merancang seragam tiruan batik. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan desain. Pendekatan desain digunakan untuk mengkaji kain tiruan batik print malam dingin di Griya Batik Sidomulyo. Hasil penelitian ini adalah latar belakang Griya Batik Sidomulyo memproduksi tiruan batik diawali dengan memproduksi batik tulis. Produksi tiruan batik print malam dingin sejak tahun 2010 hingga sekarang. Upaya memproduksi kain tiruan batik agar mampu memenuhi pasar dengan harga yang relatif lebih murah. Produksi kain tidak hanya memenuhi persyaratan desain, namun harus sesuai dengan permintaan pasar maupun pembeli. Aspek-aspek yang dipertimbangkan dalam merancang memiliki persamaan dan perbedaan pada fungsional, estetika, bahan, dan proses produksi. Pertimbangan lainnya diperlukan adanya selera konsumen, trend mode, pemasaran untuk terjalinnya komunikasi. Kata Kunci: desain, tiruan batik, sidomulyo, seragam. Authors:Silvia Khoiru Azizah : Universitas Sebelas MaretTiwi Bina Affanti : Universitas Sebelas MaretReferences:_________. (2019). Warta BBKB (edisi 6). Yogyakarta. Balai Besar Kerajinan dan Batik.Affanti, Tiwi Bina. (2007). Ornamentik. Surakarta: FSSR UNS.Azizah, S. K. (2020). “Tiruan Batik”. Hasil Dokumentasi Pribadi: 2020, Ngawi.BSN. (2014). Batik-Pengertian dan Istilah. Jakarta: Badan Standarisasi Nasional.BSN. (2015). Tiruan Batik dan Paduan Batik dengan Batik-Pengertian dan Istilah. Jakarta: Badan Standarisasi Nasional.Ibrahim, I.I. (2007). Budaya Populer sebagai Komunikasi: Dinamika Popscape Mediascape di Indoneia Kontemporer. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra.Lisbijanto, Herry. (2013). Batik. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu.Rizali, Nanang. (2017). Tinjauan Desain Tekstil. Surakarta: UNS Press.Suharso dan Ana, Retnoningsih. (2005). Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia. Semarang: Widya Karya.Sachari, Agus. (2005). Metodologi Penelitian Budaya Rupa. Jakarta: Erlangga.Sulaeman, S., & Suhartini, T. (1988). Penelitian Pengaruh Beberapa Pelarut Organik Dalam Pembuatan Lilin Batik Cair Terhadap Proses Pembatikan. Dinamika Kerajinan dan Batik, (8), 25-29. 10.22322/dkb.v0i8.973. Sunaryo, Aryo. (2009). Ornamen Nusantara (Kajian Khusus Tentang Ornamen Indonesia). Semarang: Dahara Prize.Susanto, Sewan. S.K. (1980). Seni Kerajinan Batik Indonesia. Jakarta: Balai Penelitian Batik dan Kerajinan.Sutopo, H.B. (2002). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Surakarta: UNS Press.Utoyo, J. T., Priyatno, A., & Azis, A. C. K. (2020). Penerapan Prinsip-Prinsip Seni Rupa Pada Kaligrafi Di Masjid Baiturrahman Unimed. Journal of Education, Humaniora and Social Sciences (JEHSS), 3(2), 419-426. https://doi.org/10.34007/jehss.v3i2.330.Van Hoed, V., Zyaykina, N., De Greyt, W., Maes, J., Verhé, R., & Demeestere, K. (2008). Identification and occurrence of steryl glucosides in palm and soy biodiesel. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 85(8), 701. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-008-1263-5.Wulandari, Ari. (2011). Batik Nusantara: Makna Filosofis, Cara Pembuatan dan Industri Batik. Yogyakarta: Andi.