A Model of Product Line Marketing

Firms offer a variety of products to meet different customer needs. In many horizontally differentiated markets, prices are stable, and firms make infrequent adjustments to their product lines. Although prior research focused on product line design, we investigate how firms should allocate their marketing effort when their product lines are fixed. We propose a simple model to analyze product line marketing. Our model exhibits a flagship product effect in which the firm’s optimal marketing effort is concentrated, provided that the ratio between consumer tastes dispersion and the convexity of the cost of marketing effort is below a threshold. The flagship product is selected according to a marketing effort allocation index that measures the trade-off between a product’s markup and its potential market share. This result is robust with or without competition and whether prices are exogenous or endogenous. Firms often experience shocks to their marketing cost because of technological improvement or externalities. If a monopolist’s cost of marketing effort declines, she should place more emphasis on a low-utility, high-markup product. Conversely, if the cost increases, the monopolist may find it beneficial to focus her marketing effort on a high-utility, low-markup product. When multiproduct firms compete against each other, we show that if the opponent’s cost of marketing effort decreases, there can be a spillover effect, in which the firm benefits from the opponent’s cost reduction, thereby leading to a win-win situation. This paper was accepted by Dmitri Kuksov, marketing.

Analisa Kualitas Pelayanan dan Strategi Perusahaan terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan dengan Metode QFD dan SWOT pada Jasa Pengiriman Barang

Goods delivery services become the most profitable business opportunities. Facing the reality of the number of goods or services with diverse quality and consumer tastes are easy to change and there are several competitors in this field, resulting in a sharper level of competition. With the growing number of freight services competitors, each delivery service provider such as JNE, TIKI, and Pos Indonesia need to have a special strategy to improve customer satisfaction. This study aims to examine the service quality from each delivery service provider to customer satisfaction through IPA and QFD methods and SWOT analysis to establish the company's strategy in maintaining its position in the market is facing competitors. CSI results obtained for goods delivery services in Jakarta are in the category of quite satisfied but have not reached the maximum satisfaction point. Using the IPA method, researchers found that Pos Indonesia delivery service is one of the delivery services that need to be improved the service quality to be able to survive. Attributes that affect the services and targets that are the priority of Pos Indonesia are based on the QFD method, namely the need for training to employees to be able to improve their service quality. In addition, the right strategic steps to be taken by Pos Indonesia are intensive strategies including market penetration, market development, and service product development to accelerate the company's growth. This strategy is strongly related to the proposed design of strength and opportunity strategies that have been analyzed through SWOT analysis methods. Jasa pelayanan pengiriman barang menjadi salah satu peluang bisnis yang sangat menguntungkan. Menghadapi kenyataan banyaknya barang atau jasa dengan kualitas beragam dan selera konsumen yang mudah berganti serta terdapat beberapa pesaingdibidang ini, mengakibatkan tingkat persaingan semakin tajam. Semakin bertambahnya pesaing-pesaing dari jasa pelayanan pengiriman barang, masing-masing penyedia jasa pengiriman barang seperti JNE, TIKI dan Pos Indonesia perlu memiliki strategi khusus untuk meningkatkan kepuasan pelanggan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kualitas pelayanan dari masing-masing penyedia jasa pengiriman barang terhadap kepuasan pelanggannya melalui pendekatan metode IPA dan QFD serta untuk menetapkan strategi perusahaan dalam mempertahankan posisinya dipasar dalam menghadapi pesaing melalui analisa SWOT. Pada penelitian ini, didapatkan hasil CSI untuk jasa pengiriman barang di Jakarta berada dalam kategori cukup puas namun belum mencapai titik kepuasan maksimum. Dalam analisa menggunakan metode IPA, peneliti menemukan bahwa jasa pengiriman Pos Indonesia, merupakan salah satu jasa pengiriman yang perlu ditingkatkan kualitas pelayanannya untuk dapat bertahan. Atribut yang mempengaruhi pelayanan dan target yang menjadi prioritas Pos Indonesia didasarkan pada metode QFD, yaitu perlunya pelatihan kepada karyawan untuk dapat meningkatkan kualitas pelayanannya. Selain itu, langkah strategis yang tepat untuk dilakukan oleh Pos Indonesia yaitu strategi intensif meliputi penetrasi pasar, pengembangan pasar dan pengembangan produk layanan untuk mempercepat pertumbuhan perusahaan. Strategi ini berkaitan sangat kuat dengan rancangan usulan strategi kekuatan dan peluang yang telah dianalisa melalui metode analisa SWOT.

Technology transfer of pepper grinders to farmer groups in Salo Palai Village, Kutai Kartanegara

The economy of Salo Palai Village local communities, Muara Badak District, Kutai Kertanegara Regency, relies on plantations, livestock and marine and land fisheries. One of the superior plantation products in Salo Palai Village is pepper commodity. However, there are problems faced including the method of processing pepper is traditional, lack of technology and does not consider quality and cleanliness standards. To reach the world market, it is necessary to pay attention to the quality requirements and consumer tastes. For this reason, the community service aims to improve the quality of pepper in terms of post-harvest processing through assistance in the use of pepper grinders in order to produce pepper powder that provides added value and meets established quality standards. This community service is carried out with workshops covering technology transfer and assistance in the use of pepper grinders, which are expected to open new knowledge and skills for farmers. The results obtained that the local community of Salo Palai Village were able to operate a pepper grinder and were able to produce pepper powder in accordance with the quality standards.

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KONSUMEN TERHADAP PEMBELIAN BERAS ORGANIK (Studi kasus di Kecamatan Selopuro Kabupaten Blitar)

The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of consumers of organic rice and to identify the factors that influence consumers to purchase organic rice in Selopuro District. The implementation of this research activity will be carried out in April 2021 - June 2021 in Selopuro District, Blitar Regency. The data analysis method used in this research is descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. The independent variables in this study include the price of organic rice, the price of non-organic rice, income, education, employment status, consumer tastes, consumer lifestyle, health and access to buy organic rice. While the dependent variable in this study is the number of consumer demand for organic rice. The results of data analysis found that the X2 (non-organic rice) variable was 0.042, X4 (Education) was 0.054, X7 (lifestyle) was 0.042 and X8 (health) was 0.038 very influential on the purchase of organic rice. The results of the t test show that some variables have positive numbers and some variables have negative numbers, while the F test simultaneously shows that the calculated F value is 2,951 which is greater than the F table of 2,420. This indicates that the independent variables have a significant influence on purchasing decisions.

The Role of the Cost Method Based on Specifications in Supporting the Competitiveness of the Industrial Sector of Poultry Companies' A Field Study on Arab Poultry Company-Khartoum: دور أسلوب التكلفة على أساس المواصفات في دعم القدرة التنافسية بالقطاع الصناعي لشركات الدواجن "دراسة ميدانية على الشركة العربية للدواجن - الخرطوم"

The aim of the research is to identify the cost method based on specifications and to indicate its role in supporting competitiveness. The descriptive analytical approach was used to achieve the research objectives. Use the questionnaire to collect data from the Arab Poultry Company. Several results were reached, including the application of the cost method. On the basis of specifications in the Arab Poultry Company, a product with high reliability and durability, more flexible and in response to changes in consumer tastes, which led to the attractiveness of the product and then achieving the objectives of the economic untitled to raise the efficiency of their competitiveness. One of the recommendations is to conduct more scientific studies in the future in other sectors concerned with modern methods of management accounting in light of the highly competitive business environment.

Flexible Workers: The Politics of Homework in Postindustrial Britain

This article opens up a new perspective on market liberalism's triumph in the late twentieth century through an examination of the political battles that were fought in Britain over the regulation of homework. Ubiquitous in the late Victorian era, this form of waged labor was curtailed by Edwardian wage regulations but resurged in the 1970s as a result of competition from low-wage economies abroad and fast-changing consumer tastes. Alongside growing use of homeworkers in consumer industries, new information technologies made it increasingly possible for some forms of professional work to move into the home. This article explores the debates that swirled around these different forms of homework, pitting antipoverty campaigners, feminists, and activists against ministers, employers, and civil servants. It shows how Conservative and New Labour governments failed to recognize the structural similarities between Victorian-style “sweated” labor and the emerging world of telework, freelancing, and self-employment, and how the intellectual excitement generated by Britain's transition toward a postindustrial future dovetailed with the New Right commitment to deregulation and the creation of “flexible” labor markets. A brief comparison with homework in the United States underlines the value of local, particular histories to our larger understanding of ideological change in modern societies.

Strategi Pengembangan Produk Kerupuk Opak Minang Yolanda

This activity was carried out on SMEs producing snacks from sweet potatoes, namely opaque located in Medan under the name UD. Opak Minang Yolanda. Based on the observations, several problems were found, namely the texture is too fragile so it breaks easily, the taste has only one taste (original taste), the size is too large and the packaging is too simple. This activity is intended to assist UD. Opak Minang Yolanda in solving the main problems as described previously.The specific target in this activity is to improve product by diversifying products including texture, taste, size, packaging. The methods used in this activity are observations, interviews and seeking information from various literatures in the form of books, articles in journals, newspapers, relevant magazines and searching online. This activity also used a coaching pattern. The achievement of this study is the idea of opaque diversification for improvement in the sustainability of UD. Opak Minang Yolanda is an improvement in texture by thickening the volume of the opaque when formed, flavors made into various variants that are tailored to consumer tastes, sizes are made into two variants, namely large and small, making the packaging more attractive.Keywords: observation; opaque; snacks Abstrak: Studi ini dilakukan pada UMKM di Medan yang menghasilkan opak yaitu makanan ringan dari ubi dengan nama UD. Opak Minang Yolanda. Berdasarkan hasil observasi ditemukan beberapa permasalahan yaitu tekstur (permukaan) yang terlalu rapuh sehingga mudah pecah, hanya satu rasa yaitu original, ukuran (bentuk) yang terlalu besar dan kemasan (bungkus) yang terlalu sederhana. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk membimbing UD. Opak Minang Yolanda dalam menyelesaikan kesulitan utamanya seperti yang diuraikan sebelumnya. Sasaran utama kegiatan ini adalah membenahi produk dengan diversifikasi produk meliputi tekstur, cita rasa, ukuran, kemasan. Metode yang dilakukan pada kegiatan ini adalah melangsungkan pengamatan, tanya jawab, dan menggali fakta-fakta dari berbagai referensi seperti buku, artikel pada jurnal, surat kabar, majalah yang relevan dan juga pencarian informasi secara online. Selain itu dilakukan pembinaan untuk merubah kualitas produk UD. Opak Minang Yolanda. Capaian luaran kegiatan ini adalah buah pikiran melalui diversifikasi opak untuk memperbaharui dan keberlanjutan UD. Opak Minang Yolanda yaitu pada tekstur dengan cara lebih menambah volume opak ketika dibentuk, cita rasa yang lebih bervarian yang disesuaikan dengan selera konsumen, ukuran menjadi 2 (dua) varian yaitu besar dan kecil serta menciptakan kemasan menjadi lebih menarik.Kata kunci: makanan ringan; observasi; opak

Developing gastronomic practices in the Minho region of Portugal

We explore the role of restaurants and food events in promoting local and regional gastronomy in the Minho region in Northern Portugal. Interviews with restaurant owners and event organizers in this mainly rural region reveal that innovation is driven mainly by changing consumer tastes, but also constrained by consumer expectations of low prices. Restaurants maintain a family-run structure, also due to a lack of human resources. The main thrust of innovation lies in creating a convivial atmosphere, but there is less emphasis on locally produced food ingredients. In the long run this may undermine the regional food culture and its authenticity, despite the perceived importance of tradition.

KAJIAN DESAIN PADA TEKSTIL TIRUAN BATIK DI SIDOMULYO NGAWI SEBAGAI TEKSTIL UNTUK SERAGAM

Batik craft in Ngawi Regency first appeared in Tempurejo, Banyubiru Village, which is called Griya Batik Sidomulyo. ‘Batik Imitation’ products have been produced as uniforms for government or private agencies in Ngawi Regency. The problems discussed are animed at determining the background of Griya Batik Sidomulyo’s production of batik imitations as textiles for uniforms and the aspects considered in designing batik imitation uniforms. The method in this research uses descriptive qualitative methods with a design approach. The research location was conducted at Griya Batik Sidomulyo Ngawi. The design approach is used to study the imitation of cold wax printed batik cloth. The result of this study are the background of Griya Batik Sidomulyo producing batik imitation, beginning with producing hand-written batik. Production of cold wax printed batik imitations from 2010 until now. Efforts to produce imitation batik fabrics to be able to meet market at a relatively cheaper price. Fabric production does not only meet design requirements but must be by market demands dan buyers. The aspects considered in designing have similarities and differences in the functional, aesthetics, materials, and production processes. Other conciderations require consumer tastes, trends mode, marketing to establish communication.Keywords: design, batik imitation, sidomulyo, uniform.AbstrakKerajinan batik di Kabupaten Ngawi muncul pertama kali di Tempurejo, Desa Banyubiru yang bernama Griya Batik Sidomulyo. Secara visual desain tampak rapi dan komposisi coraknya bagus, serta hasil produksinya lebih awet dan tidak mudah luntur. Produk ‘tiruan batik’ telah diproduksi sebagai seragam instansi pemerintah maupun swasta di Kabupaten Ngawi. Permasalahan yang dibahas bertujuan untuk mengetahui latar belakang Griya Batik Sidomulyo memproduksi tiruan batik sebagai tekstil untuk seragam dan aspek-aspek yang dipertimbangkan dalam merancang seragam tiruan batik. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan desain. Pendekatan desain digunakan untuk mengkaji kain tiruan batik print malam dingin di Griya Batik Sidomulyo. Hasil penelitian ini adalah latar belakang Griya Batik Sidomulyo memproduksi tiruan batik diawali dengan memproduksi batik tulis. Produksi tiruan batik print malam dingin sejak tahun 2010 hingga sekarang. Upaya memproduksi kain tiruan batik agar mampu memenuhi pasar dengan harga yang relatif lebih murah. Produksi kain tidak hanya memenuhi persyaratan desain, namun harus sesuai dengan permintaan pasar maupun pembeli. Aspek-aspek yang dipertimbangkan dalam merancang memiliki persamaan dan perbedaan pada fungsional, estetika, bahan, dan proses produksi. Pertimbangan lainnya diperlukan adanya selera konsumen, trend mode, pemasaran untuk terjalinnya komunikasi. Kata Kunci: desain, tiruan batik, sidomulyo, seragam. Authors:Silvia Khoiru Azizah : Universitas Sebelas MaretTiwi Bina Affanti : Universitas Sebelas MaretReferences:_________. (2019). Warta BBKB (edisi 6). Yogyakarta. Balai Besar Kerajinan dan Batik.Affanti, Tiwi Bina. (2007). Ornamentik. Surakarta: FSSR UNS.Azizah, S. K. (2020). “Tiruan Batik”. Hasil Dokumentasi Pribadi: 2020, Ngawi.BSN. (2014). Batik-Pengertian dan Istilah. Jakarta: Badan Standarisasi Nasional.BSN. (2015). Tiruan Batik dan Paduan Batik dengan Batik-Pengertian dan Istilah. Jakarta: Badan Standarisasi Nasional.Ibrahim, I.I. (2007). Budaya Populer sebagai Komunikasi: Dinamika Popscape Mediascape di Indoneia Kontemporer. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra.Lisbijanto, Herry. (2013). Batik. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu.Rizali, Nanang. (2017). Tinjauan Desain Tekstil. Surakarta: UNS Press.Suharso dan Ana, Retnoningsih. (2005). Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia. Semarang: Widya Karya.Sachari, Agus. (2005). Metodologi Penelitian Budaya Rupa. Jakarta: Erlangga.Sulaeman, S., & Suhartini, T. (1988). Penelitian Pengaruh Beberapa Pelarut Organik Dalam Pembuatan Lilin Batik Cair Terhadap Proses Pembatikan. Dinamika Kerajinan dan Batik, (8), 25-29. 10.22322/dkb.v0i8.973. Sunaryo, Aryo. (2009). Ornamen Nusantara (Kajian Khusus Tentang Ornamen Indonesia). Semarang: Dahara Prize.Susanto, Sewan. S.K. (1980). Seni Kerajinan Batik Indonesia. Jakarta: Balai Penelitian Batik dan Kerajinan.Sutopo, H.B. (2002). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Surakarta: UNS Press.Utoyo, J. T., Priyatno, A., & Azis, A. C. K. (2020). Penerapan Prinsip-Prinsip Seni Rupa Pada Kaligrafi Di Masjid Baiturrahman Unimed. Journal of Education, Humaniora and Social Sciences (JEHSS), 3(2), 419-426. https://doi.org/10.34007/jehss.v3i2.330.Van Hoed, V., Zyaykina, N., De Greyt, W., Maes, J., Verhé, R., & Demeestere, K. (2008). Identification and occurrence of steryl glucosides in palm and soy biodiesel. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 85(8), 701. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-008-1263-5.Wulandari, Ari. (2011). Batik Nusantara: Makna Filosofis, Cara Pembuatan dan Industri Batik. Yogyakarta: Andi.