Spatial and statistical analysis on the cause of flooding in Northwest Jakarta floodplain (Kapuk and Penjaringan Districts)

Jakarta, as the capital city of Indonesia, is one of the most flooded areas in Indonesia. The floods occurred annually and heavy floods usually occurred once in a few years. This paper address the geographic distribution of floods and statistical analysis of the floods causes by using rain intensity, tidal height, elevation, and floods occurrence as the parameters. This research was conducted in Angke (Kapuk) and Penjaringan Districts, located in Northern Jakarta where the floods usually occur. The result shows that rainfall intensity, remaining water inundation from the previous flood, and land runoff coefficient as the key factors of flooding in these areas.

Correlative Light-Electron Fractography of Interlaminar Fracture in a Carbon–Epoxy Composite

This work evaluates the use of light microscopes (LMs) as a tool for interlaminar fracture of polymer composite investigation with the aid of correlative fractography. Correlative fractography consists of an association of the extended depth of focus (EDF) method, based on reflected LM, with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to evaluate interlaminar fractures. The use of these combined techniques is exemplified here for the mode I fracture of carbon–epoxy plain-weave reinforced composite. The EDF-LM is a digital image-processing method that consists of the extraction of in-focus pixels for each x-y coordinate in an image from a stack of Z-ordered digital pictures from an LM, resulting in a fully focused picture and a height elevation map for each stack. SEM is the most used tool for the identification of fracture mechanisms in a qualitative approach, with the combined advantages of a large focus depth and fine lateral resolution. However, LMs, with EDF software, may bypass the restriction on focus depth and present enough lateral resolution at low magnification. Finally, correlative fractography can provide the general comprehension of fracture processes, with the benefits of the association of different resolution scales and contrast modes.

FARMER'S BOOKSHELF™: HYPERMEDIA INFORMATION SYSTEM TO RECOMMEND GROUND COVERS

Hawaii has had a large growth in housing, and with the reduced lot sizes of single family dwellings has come interest in using ground covers to landscape limited areas. As residential areas are being located on less desirable lands, there is a need to select ground covers that do well in these areas. The objective of this study was to develop a hypermedia information system to recommend ground covers and to obtain information on individual ground covers. Using the software HyperCard® on the Macintosh® computer, we developed a system that uses the idea of index cards with information being stored on separate screens called “cards.” Using a mouse, the user navigates from one card to another by clicking on a “button” on the card. The user may select up to four criteria from 33 criteria including plant height, elevation, soil moisture, flower color, erosion control, and shade. The program then finds which of 48 ground covers meet the desired criteria and provides information on these ground covers. This easy-to-use system requires no typing except to enter a word to search for. The user can quickly browse for the desired information and save it as a text file or print it. The Farmer's Bookshelf™ provides a tool for extension agents and growers to obtain easily vitally needed information. The program has further application for landscape companies, Master Gardener programs, and in horticultural courses.