RESULTS OF TESTS OF CONTROL SYSTEMS ON EXPOSURE TO HEAVY CHARGED PARTICLES

The article discusses the results of the ERI tests for the effects of heavy charged particles. The data that arose during the irradiation of single radiation effects are presented. During the irradi-ation of the samples, the measurement of the integral flux (fluence) of ions was carried out using track detectors. To conduct the tests, technological equipment was used that implements the operating modes of the tested analog-to-digital converter and provides measurement of the parameters-the validity criteria. When irradiating samples with ions, the occurrence of a thyristor effect, cata-strophic failure and functional interruption effects were not recorded.

Assessing the quality of the excess chemical potential flux scheme for degenerate semiconductor device simulation

The van Roosbroeck system models current flows in (non-)degenerate semiconductor devices. Focusing on the stationary model, we compare the excess chemical potential discretization scheme, a flux approximation which is based on a modification of the drift term in the current densities, with another state-of-the-art Scharfetter–Gummel scheme, namely the diffusion-enhanced scheme. Physically, the diffusion-enhanced scheme can be interpreted as a flux approximation which modifies the thermal voltage. As a reference solution we consider an implicitly defined integral flux, using Blakemore statistics. The integral flux refers to the exact solution of a local two point boundary value problem for the continuous current density and can be interpreted as a generalized Scharfetter–Gummel scheme. All numerical discretization schemes can be used within a Voronoi finite volume method to simulate charge transport in (non-)degenerate semiconductor devices. The investigation includes the analysis of Taylor expansions, a derivation of error estimates and a visualization of errors in local flux approximations to extend previous discussions. Additionally, drift-diffusion simulations of a p–i–n device are performed.

Connection of Solar Activities and Forest Fires in 2018: Events in the USA (California), Portugal and Greece

The impact of solar activity on environmental processes is difficult to understand and complex for empirical modeling. This study aimed to establish forecast models of the meteorological conditions in the forest fire areas based on the solar activity parameters applying the neural networks approach. During July and August 2018, severe forest fires simultaneously occurred in the State of California (USA), Portugal, and Greece. Air temperature and humidity data together with solar parameters (integral flux of solar protons, differential electron flux and proton flux, solar wind plasma parameters, and solar radio flux at 10.7 cm data) were used in long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural network ensembles. It is found that solar activity mostly affects the humidity for two stations in California and Portugal (an increase in the integral flux of solar protons of > 30 MeV by 10% increases the humidity by 3.25%, 1.65%, and 1.57%, respectively). Furthermore, an increase in air temperature of 10% increases the humidity by 2.55%, 2.01%, and 0.26%, respectively. It is shown that temperature is less sensitive to changes in solar parameters but depends on previous conditions (previous increase of 10% increases the current temperature by 0.75%, 0.34%, and 0.33%, respectively). Humidity in Greece is mostly impacted by solar flux F10.7 cm and previous values of humidity. An increase in these factors by 10% will lead to a decrease in the humidity of 3.89% or an increase of 1.31%, while air temperature mostly depends on ion temperature. If this factor increases by 10%, it will lead to air temperature rising by 0.42%.