scholarly journals Refining the Assessment of Entitlement in Romantic Relationships: The Sense of Relational Entitlement Scale—Revised (SRE-R)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rami Tolmacz ◽  
Lilac Lev-Ari ◽  
Rachel Bachner-Melman
Keyword(s):  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Attachment Avoidance ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
Restricted Sense ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Sense Of Entitlement ◽  
Attachment Dimensions

Objective: A subjective sense of entitlement is strongly evoked in the context of romantic relationships. A pathological sense of entitlement results from believing a partner should fulfill all one’s needs and wishes (inflated) or that the expression of genuine needs is illegitimate (restricted). This study aimed to validate a revised, improved version of the Sense of Relational Entitlement scale entitled the Sense of Relational Entitlement scale—Revised (SRE-R). We hypothesized it would have good factor structure and convergent validity, and that attachment dimensions and relationship indices would predict both inflated and restricted subscales.Method: The SRE-R was completed by 854 Israeli adults (8.3% males) aged 31.94 ± 8.02. A subset (n = 629) also completed measures of attachment (ECR-S) and 447 completed measures of relational authenticity, pathological concern, and relational obsessions and compulsions.Results: CFA confirmed two factors, inflated and restricted sense of relational entitlement. Relational obsessive-compulsive symptoms and pathological concern predicted an inflated sense of entitlement, and attachment avoidance, pathological concern, and authenticity in relationships predicted a restricted sense of entitlement.Discussion: The SRE-R is a valid and useful tool to assess sense of entitlement in romantic relationships and should be examined in diverse samples and cultures.

Pathways to Inflated Responsibility Beliefs, Responsibility Attitudes and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms: Factor Structure and Test of a Mediational Model

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 535-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakob Smári ◽  
Ástdís Þorsteinsdóttir ◽  
Lilja Magnúsdóttir ◽  
Unnur J. Smári ◽  
Daníel Þ. Ólason
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Developmental Pathways ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Inflated Responsibility

Introduction: Inflated responsibility has been hypothesized as an important influence on OCD symptoms. According to Salkovskis and colleagues (1999) there are in turn five developmental pathways that lead to inflated responsibility. Coles and Schofield (2008) proposed the Pathways to Responsibility Beliefs Scale (PIRBS) as a measure of these pathways. Method: In the present study the psychometric properties of an Icelandic translation of the PIRBS were evaluated and its factor structure was studied in a confirmatory factor analysis. Further it was tested whether responsibility mediated between pathways to responsibility beliefs and OCD symptoms. Results: While neither a four nor a five-factor structure of the PIRBS was found to be wholly satisfactory; support for the latter was slightly better. Correlations of the PIRBS scales with measures of responsibility and obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms were moderate as expected. Support was found for a mediating role of responsibility attitudes between pathways measured by the PIRBS and OCD symptoms in support of Salkovskis and colleagues' theory (1999). Conclusion: The PIRBS is a promising approach to study the developmental precursors of inflated responsibility and OCD symptoms but its factor structure may need a revision

Abbreviated assessment of psychopathology in patients with suspected seizure disorders

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles B Malpas ◽  
Albert D Wang ◽  
Michelle Leong ◽  
Benjamin Johnstone ◽  
Genevieve Rayner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Classification Performance ◽  
Great Accuracy ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Single Measure ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms

AbstractPurposePsychopathology is common in patients undergoing investigation for seizure-related disorders. Psychometric examination using self-report instruments, such as the SCL-90-R, can assist diagnosis. The SCL-90-R, however, is a lengthy instrument and might not be tolerated by all patients. We assessed several abbreviated forms of the SCL-90-R in patients undergoing video encephalographic monitoring (VEM).Method687 patients completed the SCL-90-R and scores were computed for the full SCL-90-R and five abbreviated forms. Correlations and mean differences were computed between different forms. Classification accuracy was assessed via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and measurements models were examined using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).ResultsAll abbreviated forms were strongly correlated with the SCL-90-R for general psychopathology (r = .93 – .99), depression (r = .89 – .95), anxiety (r = .97 – .98), psychosis (r = .95 – .99), and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (r = .97). Classification performance was similar across forms for depression and anxiety, with high negative predictive values (.90 – .94) and lower positive predictive values (.34 – .38). Classification performance for psychotic and obsessive-compulsive disorders was poor. Differences were observed between the full SCL-90-R and its abbreviated forms across most domains (d = 0.00 – 0.65). The published measurement model was most strongly validated for the SCL-27, SCL-14, and the SCL-K-9.ConclusionsThese five SCL-90-R abbreviated forms show high convergent validity with the full version. In patients undergoing investigation for seizure-related disorders, the BSI or BSI-18 are most appropriate where screening for both depression and anxiety is required. The SCL-K-9 is appropriate when only a single measure of global psychological distress is required. None of the instruments were able to detect psychotic or obsessive-compulsive symptoms with great accuracy. Caution should be exercised when making direct comparisons across the different forms.

Validity and Factor Structure of the Obsessive Compulsive Thoughts Checklist

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martine Bouvard ◽  
Jean Cottraux ◽  
Evelyne Mollard ◽  
Muriel Arthus ◽  
Stella Lachance ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
The Past ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorders ◽  
And Control ◽  
Compulsive Disorders

The Obsessive Compulsive Thoughts Checklist (OCTC; Bouvard, Mollard, Cottraux, & Guerin 1989) is a 28 item questionnaire. Patients rate their degree of disturbance of the past week on a 5-point scale. The validation study and factor analysis of the OCTC is presented. Three groups were compared: patients suffering from obsessive compulsive disorders (n = 122), patients suffering from panic disorder with agoraphobia (n = 61) and a control group (n = 80). The three groups were comparable in age and sex. Obsessive compulsive patients scored significantly higher than both agoraphobic patients and control subjects. Spearman rank correlations were used to compute convergent validity in a sub-group of obsessive compulsive patients (n = 96). The Obsessive Compulsive Thoughts Checklist correlated positively with the Compulsive Activity Checklist (rho =. 62; p <. 0001). The total score was also positively correlated with the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (YBOCS total scale: rho =. 42; p <. 0001; YBOCS obsession scale: rho =. 40; p <. 0001; YBOCS compulsion scale: rho. 37; p =. 0002). The factor structure was studied both on the sample which included agoraphobic patients and controls (n = 141) and on the obsessive compulsive patients only (n = 122). In both analyses, three identical factors were found: – factor 1: checking/perfectionism-orderliness – factor 2: responsibility/dread of harming others – factor 3: washing/contamination. Results support the validity and the internal consistency of the Obsessive Compulsive Thoughts Checklist. The factor analysis indicates that the OCTC is a three dimensional scale, reflecting a pathological need to check, a pathological sense of responsibility and a pathological need to wash, probably due to distorted thoughts about perfectionism and orderliness, an excessive need for control and fear of contamination.

Comparison of Unitary and Multidimensional Models of the Whiteley Index in a Nonclinical Sample: Implications for Understanding and Assessing Health Anxiety

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon J. R. Asmundson ◽  
Nicholas R. Carleton ◽  
Candice V. Bovell ◽  
Steven Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Health Anxiety ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Item Content ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Health anxiety is an important but poorly assessed phenomenon. Manifesting along a continuum, health anxiety is the result of a catastrophic appraisal of somatic sensations and changes as indicative of disease. The Whiteley Index (WI) is one of the most widely used self-report measures for assessing health anxiety both for research and for clinical practice. It generally exhibits excellent and robust psychometric properties for internal consistency, test–retest reliability, convergent validity, and concurrent validity; however, both its item content and its factor structure are matters of debate. Moreover, the measure has rarely been assessed in nonclinical samples. For the present study, a sample of 300 participants from the University of Regina completed the WI. If the latent dimensions identified in factor analysis represent etiologic mechanisms, then the elucidation of the WI’s factor structure may enhance our understanding of health anxiety. Exploratory factor analysis was used to determine a robust and reliable item content and factor structure, resulting in a six-item two-factor structure that was invariant across gender. The two factors were denoted Somatic Symptoms/Bodily Preoccupation and Disease Worry/Phobia. Previous factor structure solutions were compared to the factor structure derived from this study by means of confirmatory factor analysis. The newly established item content and factor structure resulted in acceptable fit indices that were statistically superior to those found using the previous factor structure solutions. Implications and directions for assessment of health anxiety and future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Validity of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) in Eritrean refugees living in Ethiopia

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e026129
Author(s):  
Berhanie Getnet ◽  
Atalay Alem
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Two Factors

BackgroundDepression is among the top mental health problems with a major contribution to the global burden of disease. This study aimed at identifying the latent factor structure and construct validity of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale.Participants and settingA cross-sectional survey of 562 adults aged 18 years and above who were randomly selected from the Eritrean refugee community living in the Mai-Aini refugee camp, Ethiopia.MeasuresThe CES-D Scale, Primary Care PTSD (PC-PTSD) screener, premigration and postmigration living difficulties checklist, Oslo Social Support Scale (OSS-3), Sense of Coherence Scale (SoC-13), Coping Style Scale and fast alcohol screening test (FAST) were administered concurrently. Confirmatory factor analysis was employed to test prespecified factor structures of CES-D.ResultFirst-order two factors with second-order common factor structure of CES-D (correlated error terms) yielded the best fit to the data (Comparative Fit Index =0.975; root mean square error of approximation=0.040 [90% CI 0.032 to 0.047]). The 16 items defining depressive affect were internally consistent (Cronbach’s α=0.932) and internal consistency of the 4 items defining positive affect was relatively weak (Cronbach’s α=0.703). These two latent factors have a weaker standardised covariance estimate of 33% (24% for women and 40% for men), demonstrating evidence of discriminant validity. CES-D is significantly associated with measures of adversities, specifically, premigration living difficulties (r=0.545, p<0.001) and postmigration living difficulties (r=0.47, p<0.001), PC-PTSD (r=0.538, p<0.001), FAST (r=0.197, p<0.001) and emotion-oriented coping (r=0.096, p˂0.05) providing evidence of its convergent validity. It also demonstrated inverse association with measures of resilience factors, specifically, SoC-13 (r=−0.597, p<0.001) and OSS-3 (r=−0.319, p<0.001). The two correlated factors model of CES-D demonstrated configural, metric, scalar, error variance and structural covariance invariances (p>0.05) for both men and women.ConclusionsUnlike previous findings among Eritreans living in USA, second-order two factors structure of CES-D best fitted the data for Eritrean refugees living in Ethiopia; this implies that it is important to address culture for the assessment and intervention of depression.

Exposure to an Infidelity Threat Manipulation

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-127
Author(s):  
Tamra Cater ◽  
Virgil Zeigler-Hill ◽  
Avi Besser
Keyword(s):  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Romantic Partners ◽  
Attachment Anxiety ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Attachment Avoidance ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Attachment Dimensions ◽  
High Threat

Abstract. The associations between adult attachment dimensions and responses to romantic relationship threats have been investigated in recent years. The present study extended the results of previous studies by examining whether attachment dimensions moderated the anticipated responses that individuals had to the imagined infidelity of their romantic partners. College student participants (N = 243) were randomly assigned to imagine either a high threat scenario (i.e., finding their partner having sex with someone else) or a low threat scenario (i.e., hearing a couple on television having sex) and report their anticipated responses to these scenarios. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed that the attachment dimensions moderated the anticipated responses of participants to the imagined infidelity of their romantic partners but the exact patterns of these results were different than we expected. For example, individuals with low levels of attachment avoidance provided more positive evaluations of their romantic relationships than individuals with high levels of attachment avoidance in the low threat condition but this difference did not emerge in the high threat condition. These findings suggest that low levels of attachment avoidance may be most beneficial for romantic relationships when there is relatively little threat to the relationship. Further, men with high levels of attachment anxiety reported relatively positive evaluations of their relationships in the high threat condition compared to men with low levels of attachment anxiety or women (regardless of their level of attachment anxiety). Discussion focuses on the implications these results may have for understanding the connections between attachment and relationship evaluations under conditions of threat.

Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the White Bear Suppression Inventory and the Thought Control Questionnaire

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 250-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan V. Luciano ◽  
Amparo Belloch ◽  
Salvador Algarabel ◽  
José M. Tomás ◽  
Carmen Morillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Thought Control ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Pathological Worry

The White Bear Suppression Inventory (WBSI) was developed to assess chronic thought suppression, whereas the Thought Control Questionnaire (TCQ) measures different strategies to suppress unpleasant intrusive thoughts. The present study examines the latent factor structure of these instruments in a sample of 540 normal subjects using confirmatory factor analyses (CFA). Regarding the WBSI, the CFAs indicated that the tested models did not provide a good fit for the data. Data analysis showed that the TCQ with five factors and 30 items did not reach a reasonable fit. Therefore, in order to present a five-factor structure with an adequate fit, those items with problematic factor loadings were eliminated. Correlational analyses indicated that the WBSI had a significant association with depression, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and pathological worry, whereas only two TCQ subscales, punishment and worry, were related to these psychopathological symptoms.

Associations of Attachment Anxiety and Avoidance With Male- and Female-Perpetrated Sexual Coercion in Romantic Relationships

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1176-1192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Barbaro ◽  
Andrew M. Holub ◽  
Todd K. Shackelford
Keyword(s):  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Sexual Coercion ◽  
Romantic Attachment ◽  
Attachment Anxiety ◽  
Romantic Partner ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Attachment Avoidance ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Ongoing Relationship ◽  
Attachment Dimensions

Few studies have investigated the associations between romantic attachment dimensions and sexual coercion perpetration. The present study aimed to address methodological limitations in previous studies, and to more accurately identify the associations between romantic attachment and sexual coercion perpetration in romantic relationships. Data from 284 individuals (56% men) were secured via an online self-report survey. Participants completed assessments of romantic attachment to their current romantic partner, and reported the frequency with which they perpetrated 34 acts of sexual coercion against their romantic partner. Attachment anxiety was a positive predictor of sexual coercion perpetration for men and women. Additionally, for men only, the association between attachment anxiety and sexual coercion perpetration was stronger for individuals with greater attachment avoidance. The results of the study present a clearer picture of the associations between attachment and sexual coercion, and accord with modern theoretical perspectives positing that romantic attachment regulates reactions to acute and ongoing relationship threats.

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