Human third-party observers accurately track fighting skill and vigour along their unique paths to victory

Sexual selection via male-male contest competition has shaped the evolution of agonistic displays, weaponry, and fighting styles, and is further argued to have shaped human psychological mechanisms to detect, process, and respond appropriately to cues of fighting ability. Drawing on the largest fight-specific dataset to date across the sports and biological sciences (N = 2,765), we examined how different indicators of fighting ability in humans reflect unique paths to victory and indicate different forms of perceived and actual resource-holding power (RHP). Overall, we discovered that: (1) both striking skill and vigour, and grappling skill and vigour, individually and collectively predict RHP; (2) different RHP indicators are distinguished by a unique path to victory (e.g., striking skill is a knockout-typical strategy, whereas grappling vigour is a submission-typical strategy); and (3) third-party observers accurately track fighting skill and vigour along their unique paths to victory. Our argument that different measures of RHP are associated with unique paths to victory, and third-party observers accurately track fighting vigour and skill along their unique paths to victory, advance our understanding not only of human contest competition, but animal contest theory more broadly.

Resultatives and low depictives in English

We argue against a purely semantic account of the Unique Path Constraint (Goldberg, Adele. 1991. It can’t go down the chimney up: Paths and the English resultative. In Proceedings of the seventeenth annual meeting of the Berkeley, 368–378. Linguistics Society), i.e., the constraint that there can only be one result state in a single clause, and in favor of a syntactic restriction regarding event structure. We propose, following Mateu, Jaume & Víctor Acedo-Matellán. 2012. The manner/result complementarity revisited: A syntactic approach. In M. Cristina Cuervo & Yves Roberge (eds.), The end of argument structure? Syntax and semantics, 209–228. New York: Academic Press, that structurally there can only be one result predicate per clause since the little v head selects for one result predicate as its complement. In order to make our claim, we provide novel data that violate the Unique Path Constraint defined as a semantic constraint. Further, we analyze examples that at first blush pose a problem for the present account as they appear to involve two result phrases, e.g., shot him dead off the horse. We argue, however, that the second result phrase is not syntactically a result, but rather constitutes a case of what Acedo-Matellán, Víctor, Josep Ausensi, Josep Maria Fontana & Cristina Real-Puigdollers. forthcoming. Old Spanish resultatives as low depictives. In Chad L. Howe, Timothy Gupton, Margaret Renwick & Pilar Chamorro (eds.), Open romance linguistics 1. Selected papers from the 49th linguistic symposium on romance languages. Berlin: Language Science Press have called low depictives, which join the syntactic derivation through a low applicative head.

Otherness and Affectivity - in Dialogue with Being and Time

In Sein und Zeit, the Dasein, thrown in the world by Geworfenheit and relaunched by Entwurf (projection) into the future, experiences itself as a “Self”. This exercise of existence cannot escape the critique of solipsism. However, paragraph 29 — about the existentiale of Befindlichkeit — opens an access way to the Other, which later will be ceaselessly explored by Heidegger, after having found the Stimmungen of the Greek beginning in Holderlin’s poetry and the Grund Stimmungen of “the night of the gods” and of the forgetfulness of being of our time. Not until the fifties and the mystical experience of the fourfold (das Geviert) will Heidegger find the possibility of transmuting the experience of the Other from a πόλεμος into a being-in-harmony (stimmen). This unique path of affectivity, asserted in paragraph 29 of Sein und Zeit, will enable Heidegger to reach an essential way of working out the question of Otherness, that only right now we may be starting to understand.

Augmented Reality Applications to Support the Promotion of Cultural Heritage

The intent of this study is to promote and raise awareness of the Basilica of Saint Catherina of Alexandria in Galatina, a church endowed with such beauty as to be defined as astounding. In this article two technologies were used: Spatial Augmented Reality, better known as videomapping, to valorize the monument and narrate its story through images and sounds; and Augmented Reality, to facilitate the reading and interpretation of the most important frescoes located along all the internal walls of the Basilica. The goal is to create a unique path starting from the Basilica façade and continuing and winding through the interior spaces. One of the most extensive and best conserved cycles of Late Gothic frescoes in all of Europe unfolds on the nave of the church covering every corner, from the keystones down to the floor. An in-depth bibliographic research confirmed the presence of frescoes also on the exterior of the Basilica façade whose traces, however, are no longer visible today. Pietro Cavoti’ s illustrations give an idea of how the façade has changed over the years, before, during, and after the restorations that permanently removed the already faint traces of frescoes. The purpose of this research is to demonstrate how the combined use of these technologies can be considered a valid aid to support the enhancement, fruition, and understanding of a monument that is very important for the cultural heritage sector and a reference point for the local and religious community.

Unique Path Method of the Pinch-Out Profile Based on Unified Stratigraphic Sequence

Pinch-outs refers to the gradual thinning of the thickness of the sedimentary layer laterally until there is no deposition and are a major topic of modern research on the automated drawing of geological profiles. The rapid development of smart geological systems imposed an urgent need for high-speed, accurate methods to plot pinch-outs. However, because of their complexity, excessive number of branch paths, low rendering speed, and poor reliability in the case of large-scale data, the existing pinch-out drawing methods are inadequate and cannot satisfy the modeling needs of large-scale geological projects. To resolve these problems, based on unified stratigraphic sequences, this paper proposes a unique path method for drawing pinch-out profiles by converting the principle of plotting of pinch-outs into controlling the appearance of stratigraphic boundaries, and a high-speed and reliable method for drawing pinch-out in digital profiles is also proposed. The proposed method is successfully applied to drawing geological profiles for an urban geological project in East China, and greatly reduces the complexity of the method without reducing the drawing accuracy. Compared with those of other methods, the speed and reliability are significantly improved. Therefore, the unique path method for drawing pinch-out profiles based on a unified stratigraphic sequence proposed in the writers’ previous paper effectively avoids the excessive branch paths, slow speed, and insufficient reliability of the existing methods and provides effective and reliable support for the rapid drawing of profiles in smart geological systems.

Generalized Fitch Graphs III: Symmetrized Fitch maps and Sets of Symmetric Binary Relations that are explained by Unrooted Edge-labeled Trees

Binary relations derived from labeled rooted trees play an import role in mathematical biology as formal models of evolutionary relationships. The (symmetrized) Fitch relation formalizes xenology as the pairs of genes separated by at least one horizontal transfer event. As a natural generalization, we consider symmetrized Fitch maps, that is, symmetric maps $\varepsilon$ that assign a subset of colors to each pair of vertices in $X$ and that can be explained by a tree $T$ with edges that are labeled with subsets of colors in the sense that the color $m$ appears in $\varepsilon(x,y)$ if and only if $m$ appears in a label along the unique path between $x$ and $y$ in $T$. We first give an alternative characterization of the monochromatic case and then give a characterization of symmetrized Fitch maps in terms of compatibility of a certain set of quartets. We show that recognition of symmetrized Fitch maps is NP-complete. In the restricted case where $|\varepsilon(x,y)|\leq 1$ the problem becomes polynomial, since such maps coincide with class of monochromatic Fitch maps whose graph-representations form precisely the class of complete multi-partite graphs.

Breathing places: Three filmmaking investigations

Filmmakers and scholars Christine Rogers, Catherine Gough-Brady, and Marsha Berry each find a connection with place through their video work. In this article, they share their experiences of creating short videos, focusing on their insider experiences of filming and the spatial relationships between themselves and place. Although each of them began with a proposition, they filmed unscripted, allowing themselves to respond intuitively to their environment, allowing space in their practices for fluid and organic change and letting place shape what they filmed, and their final works. Christine Rogers engages with Elspeth Probyn’s idea of belonging as movement as she films Ngāi Tahu (Māori) traveling in dinghies away from her, toward islands where she, an outsider, cannot set foot. Catherine Gough-Brady finds a connection between non-representational theory and documentary film theory, uncovering a landscape that has no eye-line. Marsha Berry explores the seaside landscape, making a constellation with Rebecca Solnit’s lyrical essays about walking and place and non-representational theory as a mooring for her practice, exposing the common experience of standing still whilst looking at the blue horizon at sunset. Each filmmaker finds a unique path through the myriad of elements that make something a place.

TiO2 Nanofibers Decorated with Monodispersed WO3 Heterostruture Sensors for High Gas Sensing Performance Towards H2 Gas

A simple spin coating method was used to prepare the WO3-TiO2 heterostructural nanofibers (HNFs). Various kinds of techniques, including XRD, SEM, TEM, EDS and XPS, have described the structures, chemical constitutions and morphologies of the samples. Following the decoration of the WO3 nanocubes on the surface of TiO2 nanofibers, XPS findings confirmed the presence of W5+ and the excess proportion of both chemisorbed reactive oxygen and oxygen vacancies. WO3 incorporated TiO2 thin film sensor showed high sensing response (78%), rapid response (20 s) and recovery time (23 s) with respect to other gas molecules (NH3, NO2, LPG and SO2). The finding demonstrates that the WO3-TiO2 sensor showed good selective response towards H2 gas. A unique path was created by this work to build hetero-highly ordered mesoporous metal oxides junctions for applications in H2 gas sensor based devices.