Determining the Electrical Capacity of Lithium BEV and PHEV Battery in Situ

The work deals with the quality of batteries in electric vehicles manufactured today’s and the determination of warranty conditions and guarantees for built-in lithium batteries. However, the design, testing, prototyping and creation of new vehicles is not without errors, as the experience of some manufacturers, including the more inexperienced Mercedes, shows now. On a tested sample of the Mercedes E350e PHEV, a capacity loss of more than 30% from the original nominal value was measured after 18 months of vehicle operation, well above the manufacturer's expectations and declarations.

Method of modeling the electrical capacity of the measuring transducer

To diagnose the eccentricity of the rotor shaft of an electric machine, a device is proposed, the sensitivity of which does not depend on fluctuations in the parameters of the network and the load of the electric machine, since the displacement of the rotor is monitored using capacitive sensors located evenly around the circumference of each end of the shaft. Diagnostic results are assessed according to two valid criteria. The device allows to determine not only the value of the eccentricity of the rotor, but also the direction of the displacement of the rotor. Keywords: electric machine, rotor eccentricity, method for modeling electrical capacity. [email protected]

Potentiometric Sensor with High Capacity Composite Composed of Ruthenium Dioxide and Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Polystyrene Sulfonate

This work presents the first-time application of the ruthenium dioxide–poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate high-capacity composite material as a mediation layer in potassium selective electrodes, which turned out to significantly enhance the electrical and analytical parameters of the electrodes. The idea was to combine the properties of two different types of materials: a conducting polymer, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate, and a metal oxide, ruthenium dioxide, in order to obtain the material for a solid-contact layer of great electrical and physicochemical parameters. The preparation method for composite material proposed in this work is fast and easy. The mediation layer material was examined using a scanning electron microscope and chronopotentiometry in order to confirm that all requirements for mediation layers materials were fulfilled. Ruthenium dioxide–poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate nancomposite material turned out to exhibit remarkably high electrical capacitance (of approximately 17.5 mF), which ensured great performance of designed K+-selective sensors. Electrodes of electrical capacity equal to 7.2 mF turned out to exhibit fast and stable (with only 0.077 mV potential change per hour) potentiometric responses in the wide range of potassium ion concentrations (10−6 M to 10−1 M). The electrical capacity of ruthenium dioxide–poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate-contacted electrodes characterized by electrical capacitance parameters was the highest reported so far for this type of sensor.

Влияние тока, ограниченного объемным зарядом, на диэлектрические свойства поликристаллических пленок фуллерита С-=SUB=-60-=/SUB=-

In the frequency range from 30 Hz to 1 MHz, the dielectric properties of polycrystalline fullerite films with a thickness of about 300 nm, which are part of p-type Si / C60 / InGa structures, were studied under the influence of constant electric fields with a strength of up to 33 MV / m. It was found that at negative polarity of the InGa electrode, when the injection of electrons from the metal into the fullerite is facilitated, at frequencies less than 1000 Hz, an anomalous increase in the electrical capacity of the sample is observed, while the capacitance at a low frequency exceeds the capacitance at a high frequency by more than 1000 times. An explanation for this effect is proposed.

RESEARCH FACTORS AFFECTING ON THE ENERGY INTENSITY OF METALLURGICAL PRODUCTS

The purpose of this article is to improve methods for determining the energy intensity of products and approbation in a specific enterprise. In the process of research methods of calculating the deviation of absolute were used. Also average, relative variables and dynamics methods were used. The concept of energy intensity of products was disclosed. The main methodological approaches to assessing energy intensity were presented and characterized. The method for determining the energy intensity of metallurgical products has been improved. It was proposed to use the indicator of gross production when calculating the energy intensity of products. It was proposed to take into account all types of expenses of the enterprise's fuel and energy resources when calculating the energy intensity of products. It was recommended to include the expenditures of fuel and energy resources for non-production needs as well. It was proposed to calculate the indicator of energy intensity of products as the sum of its individual indicators: fuel capacity, electrical capacity, heat capacity and air capacity. So, the energy intensity of production was proposed to be considered as the ratio of the costs of fuel and energy resources of a certain period to the volume of gross output for the same period. The total consumption of fuel and energy resources consists of two parts: constant and variable. All types of fuel and energy resources for the implementation of basic technological operations are included in the variable part of costs. A fixed part of the costs consists of the costs of lighting, air conditioning, heating. An increase in production leads to a decrease in the share of fixed costs per unit of production, and, therefore, leads to a decrease in the energy intensity of production. At the same time, the higher the share of fixed costs, the more sharply the energy intensity decreases with an increase in the scale of production. This factor was taken into account when conducting a factor analysis of the energy intensity of products. The assessment of the energy intensity of the production of products of a particular metallurgical enterprise was carried out according to the proposed method.