metallurgical enterprise
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Author(s):  
Evgeniy Kinev ◽  
Aleksey Tyapin ◽  
Aleksey Horoshih ◽  
Matvey Kolodochkin ◽  
Vasiliy Panteleev

The reasons for the deterioration of the electromagnetic environment in the workshop distribution network of a metallurgical enterprise with powerful valve regulators are considered. A local solution to the problem of improving electromagnetic compatibility is proposed by using a digital microcontroller control system for thyristor regulators of resistance mixers. The effect is achieved due to a more accurate fulfillment of the conditions for switching the gates of each phase at the moment of zero crossing. This allows not only to reduce the level of higher harmonics of the current in the distribution network and improve the symmetry of voltages, but also to increase the stability of the equipment.


Author(s):  
A. Pohvalitiy ◽  
Е. Sigarev ◽  
K. Chubin ◽  
Yu. Lobanov ◽  
P. Yakunin

The results of calculating the parameters of the tips of oxygen lances, taking into account the preheating of scrap metal in the converter due to the combustion of solid fuels in the modern raw material conditions of a metallurgical enterprise of Ukraine, are presented. The substantiation of the design of blowing devices is provided. The results of calculating the geometric parameters and the coefficient of off-design for standard and experimental tips of oxygen lances are presented. Using numerical methods, the value of the diameters and length of the supercritical part of the nozzle was obtained. It is shown that with a decrease in the blast flow rate, it is advisable to decrease the length of the supercritical part of the nozzle, which is fully correlated with the literature data. The change in the coefficient of off-design was determined for the studied range of oxygen consumption (600—1100 m3 / min) for standard and experimental handpieces. It is shown that the value of the coefficient of off-design is in the range of 0.52—0.98 and 1.30—2.30, respectively, for 5– and 6–nozzle standard tips. For experimental tips, this figure is 1.00—1.70. Tuyeres with experimental tips, at the pressure available in the shop, reliably operate in the range of oxygen consumption 650—950 m3 / min and allow increasing the oxygen consumption at the beginning of the blowdown to 1000—1100 m3 / min and more, if necessary. The resulting saving effect from the introduction of the modernized tips is: a decrease in the oxidation of the final slag 1.22—1.70 %; reduction in the specific consumption of lime 0.29—1.81 kg / t; reduction of specific consumption of metal charge 0.26—0.38 kg/t.


Author(s):  
Lyaylya Marselyevna Masyagutova ◽  
Elena Rafilovna Abdrakhmanova ◽  
Venera Talgatovna Akhmetshina ◽  
Elvira Fanisovna Gabdulvaleeva ◽  
Lilia Galievna Gizatullina ◽  
...  

Manufacturing industries, including metallurgy, are the backbone of the country’s economy. A number of technological operations involve the impact of physical overload, heating microclimate, static load, and often entails the development of diseases of the musculoskeletal and peripheral nervous systems. The clinical picture of such patients is dominated by pain in various parts of the spinal column, in some cases, combined localization. The analysis of the results of the examination of the connection of diseases of the musculoskeletal and peripheral nervous systems with the profession, carried out by employees of a large metallurgical enterprise of the Republic of Bashkortostan (RB), using the archival material of the FBUN clinic «Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Medicine and Human Ecology» was carried out. The group of the main professions of the enterprise includes: wire drawing machine, wire rewinder, caliper, pyrometrist, laboratory assistant for physical and mechanical tests, automatic machine for cold landing machines, mechanic-repairman, sorter-delivery of metal. During the analyzed period, in 117 cases, the workers of the enterprise confirmed the professional etiology of the disease. The nosological structure in 60 % of cases of the first established occupational diseases is represented by diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue. A significant part of diseases of occupational etiology was detected in persons aged 50 to 59 years. Workers of the studied professional groups are at the highest risk of developing diseases of the musculoskeletal and peripheral nervous systems of professional etiology, which is due to the specific conditions of their professional activity. Establishing a connection between the disease and the profession is characterized by late detection, at the stage of pronounced clinical symptoms with the formation of persistent disability.


Vestnik IGEU ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
A.A. Nikolaev ◽  
I.G. Gilemov ◽  
M.V. Bulanov

Advanced rolling mill electric drives are based on frequency converters (FC) with active rectifiers (AR). Operation of such converters has negative impact on the in-plant power supply system. To improve the voltage quality of active rectifiers, special algorithms of pulse-width modulation algorithms are used. As a rule, the study of the effect of electric drives with FC-AR on the supply network are carried out based on simplified mathematical models that do not consider possible resonance phenomena in the power supply system and operating mode of electric drives. Thus, the aim of the paper is to assess the acceptability of such an approach. The trends of the main parameters of the rolling mill electric drives have been recorded during the rolling cycle using the IBA PDA software. The obtained dependencies values have been approximated and applied in a complex simulation model of the in-plant power supply system. It considers the parameters of the supply network, cable lines, step-down transformers, rolling mill electric drives and other electrical receivers of the shop substations. The main assumption in simulation modeling is to consider the loads of other electrical receivers in the form of constant values. The authors have studied the effect of the operating modes of the rolling mill electric drive on the electric power quality in the 10 kV distribution network of the in-plant power supply system of a metallurgical enterprise. It is found that the total harmonic distortion KU at 10 kV sections of the main step-down substation of a metallurgical enterprise is changing in a nonlinear manner in the dynamic modes of acceleration and deceleration of electric drives. The nature of the coefficient KU also depends on the presence of resonance phenomena in the frequency response of the medium voltage supply network. The obtained results prove the need to consider the operating modes of electric drives when studying the influence of electric drives with FC-AR on the quality of the supply network voltage. in case we conduct experimental research using the equipment of the enterprises, as well as during theoretical research using mathematical models. The adequacy of the simulation model has previously been confirmed by experimental data and previous studies.


Author(s):  
Elena Kiritseva ◽  
Olha Kletska ◽  
Andrey Lyamzin ◽  
Anatoliy Falendysh

The article proposes the approach for determining the measure to increase the efficiency of railway transport of the metallurgical plant. The analysis of scientific and normative works on the efficiency of railway transport at industrial enterprises showed that this issue is not fully covered and requires more detailed study. The work of the railway shop of the metallurgical enterprise is considered, namely, the turnover off right cars of different owners and the time of their stay on the factory tracks are determined. An analysis of statistical data was made, which showed that the time difference between the standard set at the enterprise and the actual time of stay of the freight car at the planthas a large discrepancy. This requires spending additional funds for the use of cars of different owners. For this purpose, a model for determining measures to minimize costs at the metallurgical enterprise was developed. The algorithm for its solution involves five stages of calculations. It is based on the model of managements science, which is presented as the approach of linear programming to determine the optimal means of allocating scarce resources in the presence of competing needs. Calculations were made, thanks to which the first stage of development of the model for determining the measure to improve the performance of railway transport was performed and the indicators that characterize it were determined. The total time of rolling stock at the enterprise is determined. Based on this, it is established that it is necessary to separate from the total time the time spent at each station according to the operations performed with the cars. Costs are determined operationally due to the received analysis of the stay and turnover of the freight car at the metallurgical enterprise. Installed stations, which are the most time-consuming freight cars, is there is an excess of payment for the down time of cars at these stations. Based on this, it was decided that it is necessary to study in more detail the operations performed with cars at theses stations and to identify "weaknesses" in the turnover of the freight car at the metallurgical enterprise. 


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry Redin

The author of this article attempts a semiotic interpretation of the features of the architectural and planning system of early Yekaterinburg (1723–1734). The method is based on an improvisation on Michel de Certeau’s ideas about the city as a complex text, which results from the simultaneous and inconsistent creativity of its founders and administrators on the one hand and ordinary people on the other. Another source for the author’s improvisation is the ideas of some representatives of the French school of genetic criticism, more particularly, the concepts of avant-text and text. From these positions, the author considers the activity of V. I. Henning (Rus. transcription: Gennin), the founder and first head of Yekaterinburg and a general in Russian service. The main milestones of his career, the accumulation of experience as an engineer and administrator, and the formation of a worldview before his Ural period are evaluated as work on the avant-text, while Yekaterinburg becomes the actual text. The author proves that Yekaterinburg was created by Henning not just as a large mining and metallurgical enterprise. General Henning’s Yekaterinburg appears as a manifesto city, a material text that embodies the aesthetics of the Baroque and the postulates of cameralism in its layout and execution. The city became a symbol of Petrine empire building on the border with Russia’s Asian possessions.


Author(s):  
I.A. Umnyagina

Abstract. The aim of the study is to assess the informativeness of a number of clinical, functional, laboratory parameters as indicators of cardiovascular pathology in workers exposed to harmful industrial factors during mandatory periodic medical examinations, to identify some pathogenetic mechanisms of the formation of the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The experienced workers (n=310) of the metallurgical enterprise of the Nizhny Novgorod region were examined. The sphygmometry indicators, the content of endothelin-1, nitric oxide, lipid profile, ox-LDL, and the levels of IgG-class autoantibodies (aAT) to the antigens of the myocardial and vascular wall structures were evaluated in addition to regulated researches. The complex approach made it possible to more fully identify violations of the cardiovascular system, and elucidate some of the pathogenetic mechanisms of CVD development in workers in hazardous working conditions.


Author(s):  
M.B. Otarbaeva ◽  
◽  
Sh.B. Battakova ◽  
A.U. Amanbekova

Summary: This article deals with the harm to the health of workers in harmful and hazardous working conditions, which is significant and requires the immediate implementation of measures aimed at reducing the occupational risk (PR). The categorization of the PR is carried out preliminary according to the classes of working conditions during the certification of workplaces, and finally - according to the health indicators of workers. The aim of the work was to develop criteria for professional selection and professional suitability in terms of health parameters for smelters of a metallurgical enterprise with the calculation of "safe experience". Researchers have developed a new approach to a comprehensive assessment of real workloads on the health of workers - an algorithm for highlighting the final selection and aptitude of the «safe work experience» in the profession of a smelter. As a methodological basis for substantiating the «safe experience», the methodology of risk metrics was used: the dependence of the relative indicators of cases of diseases with TD were expressed by a quadratic function of the average length of service in the profession. Working conditions at the workplace of smelters at BMZ are determined by the impact of a complex of harmful production factors (class 3.1 and 3.2). The «health index» of the IZ smelters was 32.33 ± 1.33%, i.e. above the average. The dynamics of a wave-like rise and a decrease in the number of cases of diseases among smelters over the course of their service is observed. In comparison with the 1-3 year experience group, there is a probability of occurrence of RR cases of VUT, which, relative to the level in the 1-3 year experience group, gradually decreases, but in periods with 13-15 years of experience, 19-21 years has peaks of increase in the probability ZVUT up to 0.77 and up to 0.7. According to the developed algorithm, the analysis of the general morbidity in smelters was carried out and the «safe experience» was calculated as the basis for professional selection and professional suitability for medical reasons.


Author(s):  
N.A. Roslaya ◽  
◽  
E.L. Bazarova ◽  
I.S. Osherov ◽  

Abstract: Relevance. Noise is the most common harmful factor in the production of titanium alloys. The aim of the study is to identify age and gender features of the formation of general somatic morbidity associated with the impact of industrial noise at a large metallurgical enterprise. Scope and methods. The study compared the prevalence of chronic pathology of 4681 people who have contact with noise above 80 dBA, and those who are not exposed to noise using the methodology of occupational risk analysis of the Research Institute of Occupational Medicine. academician N. F. Izmerov according to the results of a periodic medical examination The results. The formation of general somatic pathology of many systems of the body under the influence of industrial noise occurs from the first years of operation. An increased risk of developing ear pathology was identified with work experience of more than 7 years. Men under the influence of noise had a significantly higher prevalence of diseases of the ear and digestive organs than women, with higher risks compared to those who were not exposed to noise and a medium to high relationship with working conditions. Conclusion. The revealed features of the formation of general somatic pathology under the influence of industrial noise allow us to recommend the introduction of health and rehabilitation programs from the first years of working in noise, even during the period of adaptation of young workers to the production environment.


Author(s):  
M. Frelih ◽  
A. Fedorova

The article is devoted to the study of factors that have a negative impact on the well-being of employees in the workplace. Special attention is paid to the problem of presenteeism on the example of a large metallurgical enterprise. A review of foreign and domestic publications allows concluding that until now specialists do not have reliable and valid tools for studying the presenteeism phenomenon in organizations. The purpose of the research presented in the paper is to examine influence of the factors of the intra-organizational environment on the personnel well-being and assess the level of presenteeism at the enterprise. Empirical data were obtained by conducting a sociological survey of various categories of workers, as well as assessing the impact of presenteeism on the economic indicators of the studied enterprise. For the subsequent in-depth study of health problems in the workplace, the authors have developed a research tool based on the use of a digital service, which allows monitoring the self-feeling of employees by the self-assessment method, which determines the level of physical and psychosocial well-being of staff.


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