eurovision song contest
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2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 235-259
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Gómez-Pérez ◽  
◽  
José Patricio Pérez-Rufí ◽  

This paper aims to study the production of live television at the Eurovision Song Contest, a contest characterized by the use of avant-garde and experimental technologies and staging. The filming and production of the winning performance in 2021, «Zitti e buoni», by the Italian group Måneskin, is selected as a case study, as it breaks with previous trends. The main objectives of this research are to analyze the selected performance from a discursive and formal perspective and to identify the visual references on which the production is based. We apply a formal audiovisual analysis while considering intertextual practices and the intention to appropriate pop culture references. The formal audiovisual analysis highlights the respect for a functional and classic audiovisual grammar that tries to make itself invisible to highlight the members of the band with their charisma. Faced with previous practices trying to break spatial and temporal continuity, the performance claims a classical audiovisual grammar and an apparently simple staging based on nostalgia.


2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carina Ren ◽  
Kirsten Thisted

Purpose The study aims to explore the concept of the indigenous and how Greenlandic and Sámi indigeneities is expressed, made sense of and contested within a Nordic context by using the Eurovision Song Contest as a branding platform. Design/methodology/approach Initiating with an introduction of the historical and political contexts of Sámi and Greenlandic Inuit indigeneity, the study compares lyrics, stage performances and artefacts of two Sámi and Greenlandic contributions into the European Song Contest. This is used to discuss the situated ways in which indigenous identity and culture are branded. Findings The study shows how seemingly “similar” indigenous identity positions take on very different expressions and meanings as Arctic, indigenous and global identity discourses manifest themselves and intertwine in a Greenlandic and Sámi context. This indicates, as we discuss, that indigeneity in a Nordic context is tightly connected to historical and political specificities. Research limitations/implications The study argues against a “one size fits all” approach to defining the indigenous and even more so attempts to “pinning down” universal indigenous issues or challenges. Practical implications The study highlights how decisions on whether or how to use the indigenous in place or destination branding processes should always be sensitive to its historical and political contexts. Originality/value By focusing on the most prevalent European indigenous groups, the Sámi from the Northern parts of Norway and Greenlandic Inuit, rather than existing nation states, this study expands on current research on Eurovision and nation branding. By exploring the role of the indigenous in place branding, this study also contributes to the existing place branding literature, which overwhelmingly relates to the branding of whole nations or to specific places within nations, such as capital cities.


2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-72
Author(s):  
Yrjö Heinonen

Eurovision laulukilpailu on muuttunut historiansa aikana kansallisten radio- ja tv-yhtiöiden välisestä sävellys- ja sanoituskilpailusta eri maiden ja niitä edustavien laulajien tai yhtyeiden väliseksi esiintymiskilpailuksi siten, että tapahtuman viihteellisyys ja kilpailullisuus on samalla lisääntynyt. Tarkastelen artikkelissani kolmen Suomea vuosina 1987–1993 kilpailussa edustaneen esityksen audiovisuaalista rakentumista erityisesti viihteellisyyden, kilpailullisuuden ja kansallisten piirteiden esiin tuomisen tai tuomatta jättämisen näkökulmasta.Analysoitavat esitykset ovat ”Sata salamaa” (Virve Rosti, 1987), ”La dolce vita” (Anneli Saaristo, 1989) ja ”Tule luo” (Katri Helena, 1993). Esitysten analyysissa kiinnitän huomiota musiikkiin (sävelmä, sovitus), sanoihin (laulun nimi ja sen sijoittelu, toisto ja äänteellinen kuviointi), näyttämöllepanoon (lavastus, valaistus, puvustus ja koreografia) sekä televisiointiin (monikamerakuvaus ja live-editointi). Analyysi nostaa esiin eroja ja yhtäläisyyksiä sekä esitysten audiovisuaalisessa rakentumisessa että niiden viihteellisyydessä, kilpailullisuudessa ja kansallisten piirteiden esiin tuomisessa.Avainsanat: Eurovision laulukilpailu, audiovisuaalinen analyysi, viihteellisyys, kilpailullisuus, kansallisuus   Audiovisual Construction of a Eurovision Song Contest Performance: “Sata salamaa” (1987), “La dolce vita” (1989) and “Tule luo” (1993)During its history, the Eurovision Song Contest has changed from a songwriting competition between national radio and TV companies to a competition between singers or bands representing different countries, while the entertaining and competitive functions of the event have become more and more significant at the same time. In my article, I examine the audiovisual construction of three performances that represented Finland in the competition in 1987–1993, especially from the point of view of entertainingness, competitiveness, and the representation of national features.The performances to be analysed are “Sata salamaa” (Virve Rosti, 1987), “La Dolce Vita” (Anneli Saaristo, 1989) and “Tule luo” (Katri Helena, 1993). In the analysis, I pay attention to music (melody, arrangement), lyrics (song title and its placement, repetition, and phonetic patterning), staging (props, lighting, costume, and choreography), and telecasting (multi-camera shooting and live editing). The analysis highlights differences and similarities in the audiovisual structure of the performances as well as those regarding entertainment, competitiveness, and the representation of nationality.Keywords: Eurovision Song Contest, audiovisual analysis, entertainment, competitiveness, nationality


2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-54
Author(s):  
Pertti Grönholm

Kirjoittaja tutkii artikkelissaan kahta Belgian Eurovision laulukilpailuun lähettämää kappaletta, osallistujaa ja esitystä. Telex-yhtyeen ”Euro-Vision” (Haag 1980) ja Pas de deux -ryhmän ”Rendezvous” (München 1983) olivat omana aikanaan poikkeuksellisen hämmentäviä, ironisoivia ja provosoivia esityksiä. Kumpikin jäi finaalissa kolmanneksi viimeiseksi.Telex ja Pas de deux pyrkivät haastamaan sekä Euroviisujen audiovisuaalisia ja musiikillisia konventioita että kilpailun arvoja ja ihanteita. Kummassakin esityksessä oli myös kansallinen kontekstinsa, sillä Belgian euroviisumenestys oli jäänyt heikohkoksi koko kilpailun olemassaolon ajan, mikä ilmeni rohkeina kokeiluina 1980-luvun alussa. Yhtyeet rakensivat esityksensä elektronisten rytmien, äänten ja soitinten varaan. Telex esitti kappaleensa taustanauhan ja taustalaulajien kera, Pas de deux väritti sointiaan Eurovisio-orkesterin muusikoiden kanssa sekä tavattomaksi koetulla koreografiallaan. Molemmat yhtyeet toivat lavalle joukon elektronisia soittimia.Kirjoittaja analysoi kilpailukappaleita ja esityksiä osana 1980-luvun alussa tapahtunutta elektronisten soundien ja soittimien nousua populaarimusiikin valtavirtaan ja sitä, miten musiikillisista marginaaleista ponnistaneet yhtyeet tietoisesti pyrkivät koettelemaan kilpailun rajoja ja euroviisuyleisön vastaanottokykyä. Elektroniset soittimet ja niistä kumpuava äänellinen, visuaalinen ja rakenteellinen estetiikka olivat aikanaan radikaaleja irtiottoja Euroviisujen kaltaisen televisiospektaakkelin loihtimista tunnelmista ja mielikuvista. Huolimatta heikosta menestyksestä kumpikin esitys on saanut myöhemmin huomattavasti enemmän arvostusta osakseen.Avainsanat: Eurovision laulukilpailu, Telex, Pas de Deux, elektroninen musiikki, musiikkiteknologiat, Belgia   Belgium, one point. Synthesizers, irony, and provocation in Eurovision Song Contest in 1980 and 1983In his article, the author examines two songs, participants and performances submitted by Belgium to the Eurovision Song Contest. In the early 1980s, Telex’s “Euro-Vision” (The Hague 1980) and Pas de Deux’s “Rendezvous” (Munich 1983) were both exceptionally confusing, ironical, and provocative performances. They both finished third last in the finals.These unusual performances sought to challenge the audio-visual and musical conventions of the ESC and even the values and ideals of the competition. Both songs also had their own national context, as the success of Belgium in the ESC had remained rather weak throughout the existence of the competition. The bad experiences turned into bold experiments in the early 1980s. Telex and Pas de deux built their performances on electronic rhythms, sounds and instruments. Telex performed their song with a backing tape and backing vocals, but Pas de Deux coloured their sound with the musicians of the Eurovision Orchestra and an unconventional choreography. Both groups brought a number of electronic instruments on the stage.The author analyses the songs and the performances in connection with the rise of electronic sounds and instruments into the mainstream of pop in the early 1980s and asks how the bands emerging from the musical margins consciously sought to test the limits of the competition and the receptivity of the Eurovision audience. At their time, the electronic instruments and the resulting aural, visual, and structural aesthetics were radical detachments from the moods and imaginations conjured up by a television spectacle like the ESC. Despite their poor success, these performances have since then received much more appreciation.Keywords: Eurovision Song Contest, Telex, Pas de Deux, electronic music, music technology, Belgium


2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-32
Author(s):  
Mari Pajala

Eurovision laulukilpailua koskevaa tutkimusta on ilmestynyt melko runsaasti 2000-luvulla, mutta televisioestetiikkaan ja -tuotantoon liittyviä kysymyksiä on tutkimuksessa tarkasteltu vain vähän. Tässä artikkelissa tartun usein esitettyyn ajatukseen, että Eurovision laulukilpailussa korostuvat nykyisin entistä enemmän visuaalisuus ja spektaakkeli. Kysyn, miten euroviisukappaleiden audiovisuaalinen näytteillepano on kehittynyt ohjelman historian aikana ja millaiseksi tuotannon luonne on kehittynyt 2000-luvulla.Artikkelin pääasiallinen tutkimusaineisto koostuu ensinnäkin vuosien 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990 ja 2000 Eurovision laulukilpailuista, joita analysoimalla luon kuvan kilpailukappaleiden audiovisuaalisen esillepanon kehityksestä. Toiseksi käytän vuosien 2016–2019 Euroviisujen tuotantotietoja aineistona rakentaessani kuvaa laulukilpailun nykytuotannosta. Esitän, että euroviisuesityksille on aina pyritty rakentamaan kappaleen tyyliin sopiva visuaalinen ilme. Teknologinen kehitys ja kilpailun sääntömuutokset ovat kuitenkin mahdollistaneet entistä vaihtelevammat ja monimutkaisemmat esitykset. Suurimuotoisen tv-spektaakkelin rakentaminen edellyttää yhteistyötä eri maista tulevien ammattilaisten ja yritysten kesken, ja nykyiset Eurovision laulukilpailut ovatkin ylirajaisia tuotantoja. Samat televisioalan ammattilaiset ja yhtiöt osallistuvat kilpailun tuotantoon eri maissa. Lisäksi kansalliset delegaatiot palkkaavat ylirajaisesti työskenteleviä ammattilaisia suunnittelemaan kilpailuesityksiään. Eurovision laulukilpailun tuotantoon on myös muodostunut eräänlainen alueellinen hierarkia, jossa Pohjois-Eurooppa on johtavassa asemassa erityisesti Ruotsin television SVT:n ja ruotsalaisten ammattilaisten keskeisen roolin ansiosta.Avainsanat: Eurovision laulukilpailu, televisioestetiikka, televisiotuotanto, spektaakkeli, ylirajaisuus   From a song contest to a show contest? The increasingly transnational production of television spectacle in the Eurovision Song ContestAlthough academic interest in the Eurovision Song Contest (ESC) has grown over the past two decades, research has only rarely focused on television aesthetics and television production. The article explores the common claim that the contemporary ESC places more and more emphasis on visual spectacle. The article asks, how has the audiovisual presentation of Eurovision entries developed over the course of the contest’s history, and how can we characterize the production of the contemporary ECS?The primary research material consists of, firstly, ESC broadcasts from 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990, and 2000. These are analysed to describe the historical development of the audiovisual presentation of Eurovision entries. Secondly, the article draws on production information for ESC 2016–2019 to gain an understanding of the scope of the contemporary production.The article argues that ESC producers have always aimed at creating visually varied performances that suit the style of each song. However, changes in technology and the contest’s rules have enabled increasingly complex performances. As a result, creating the contemporary ESC requires using creative and technical personnel across national borders, and many of the same television professionals and companies participate in the production year after year. Moreover, successful stage directors work transnationally, designing Eurovision performances for different countries. Thus, the ESC participates in a wider turn towards transnational production in European television culture. The transnational field of ESC production is not without hierarchies, as Northern Europe plays a central role in the development of the contest, thanks to strong input from Swedish television SVT and Swedish television professionals in particular.Keywords: Eurovision Song Contest, television aesthetics, television production, spectacle, transnational


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-97
Author(s):  
Umut Bekcan ◽  
Pınar Uz Hançarlı

In this study, three claims/arguments regarding the emergence and function of the Eurovision Song Contest were put forward and tried to be grounded. First, the contest emerged as a tool for Western Europe to influence Eastern Europe culturally in the Cold War but it didn’t become an ideological conflict area of East-West. Second, the contest functioned as a stage of expressing the political problems/situations that countries experience within themselves or with each other in the Cold War era and aftermath. Third, although Turkey took place in the Western Europe side in the Cold War, this contest made Turkey feel non-European while having a different identity. In this context, the subject is discussed from the historical perspective with the assumption that the subject of history is unique. The study focused primarily on the concept of the Cold War and the contest. Then, it was explained with the examples which political problems/situations different from the Cold War ideological conflict environment were brought up on the contest platform. Finally, it was emphasized that the contest contributed to “us vs them” dichotomy in Turkey against Europe, contrary to Eurovision’s aim to form/create a common European culture.


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