Hypoglossal schwannoma masquerading as a submandibular gland tumor: a case report

Background: Hypoglossal nerve schwannoma in the submandibular space is rare. This case report presents the treatment of a young patient affected by an unusual hypoglossal nerve schwannoma at the right side of the submandibular region. Case representation: A 31-year-old female presented to our department with complaints of a right-sided submandibular region mass. None calculi was observed by CBCT. An MRI of the neck demonstrating a 18×12mm mass located at the submandibular region. Based on clinical presentation and imaging, a diagnosis of a submandibular gland tumor was conferred and the patient scheduled for excision. Intraoperatively, the mass was noted to arise from the hypoglossal nerve, remaining independent of the submandibular gland. On histopathologic analysis, the mass was determined to be consistent with hypoglossal schwannoma. Conclusion: Though rare, the hypoglossal schwannoma should remain a consideration in the evaluation of a submandibular space mass. During operation, it might be better to explore the mass before managing the submandibular gland.

Hypoglossal Schwannoma Masquerading as a Submandibular Gland Tumor: a Case Report

Background: Hypoglossal nerve schwannoma in the submandibular space is rare. This case report presents the treatment of a young patient affected by an unusual hypoglossal nerve schwannoma at the right side of the submandibular region. Case representation: A 31-year-old female presented to our department with complaints of a right-sided submandibular region mass. None calculi was observed by CBCT. An MRI of the neck demonstrating a 18×12mm mass located at the submandibular region. Based on clinical presentation and imaging, a diagnosis of a submandibular gland tumor was conferred and the patient scheduled for excision. Intraoperatively, the mass was noted to arise from the hypoglossal nerve, remaining independent of the submandibular gland. On histopathologic analysis, the mass was determined to be consistent with hypoglossal schwannoma. Conclusion: Though rare, the hypoglossal schwannoma should remain a consideration in the evaluation of a submandibular space mass. During operation, it might be better to explore the mass before managing the submandibular gland.

A Rare Case of Intra-Fourth-Ventricular Germinoma, Derived from the Medulla Oblongata

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Extragonadal germinomas rarely emerge from the brain stem; however, proper diagnosis and treatment can result in favorable prognosis. Unfortunately, the preoperative diagnosis of medulla oblongata germinoma is difficult due to insufficient clinical signs and symptoms that are specific to this diagnosis. <b><i>Case Representation:</i></b> We present a 12-year-old male patient with an intra-fourth-ventricular germinoma, derived from the medulla oblongata, with no abnormalities in the supratentorial region. The germinoma was initially assessed by advance MRI sequences, including diffusion-weighted imaging, T1 perfusion, and spectroscopy. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> In summary, although existing imaging technologies cannot completely distinguish germinomas from other primary brain neoplasms in the fourth ventricle, in patients aged between 12 and 40 years, a small mass on the dorsal side of medulla oblongata that emerges into the fourth ventricle and is characterized by homogeneous contrast enhancement, the absence of calcification and hemorrhage, and the lack of hydrocephalus should be considered for a potential medulla oblongata germinoma diagnosis.

A Deep Belief Network and Case Reasoning Based Decision Model for Emergency Rescue

The frequent occurrence of major public emergencies in China has caused significant human and economic losses. To carry out successful rescue operations in such emergencies, decisions need to be made as efficiently as possible. Using earthquakes as an example of a public emergency, this paper combines the Deep Belief Network (DBN) and Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) models to improve the case representation and case retrieval steps in the decision-making process, then designs and constructs a decision-making model. The validity of the model is then verified by an example. The results of this study can be applied to maximize the efficiency of emergency rescue decisions.

A Case Representation and Similarity Measurement Model with Experience-Grounded Semantics

Case-based reasoning heavily depends on the structure and content of the cases, and semantics is essential to effectively represent cases. In the field of structured case representation, most of the works regarding case representation and measurement of semantic similarity between cases are based on model-theoretic semantics and their extensions. The purpose of this study is to explore the potential of experienced-grounded semantics in case representation and semantic similarity measurement. The main contents in this study are as follows: (i) a case representation model based on experience-grounded semantic is proposed, (ii) a novel semantic similarity measurement method with multi-strategy reasoning is introduced, and (iii) a case-based reasoning software for urban firefighting field based on the proposed model is designed and implemented. Theoretically, compared with traditional structured case representation methods, the proposed model not only represents case in a fully formalized way, but also provides a novel metric for computing the strength of the semantic relationship between cases. The proposed model has been applied in an intelligent decision-support software for urban firefighting.

Case-based Reasoning of Damaged Ancient Buildings based on Ontology

At present, China has a large number of ancient buildings, and correspondingly, it also faces many problems. Staff of different professions have inconsistent perceptions of ancient buildings, resulting in inability to interact with information. In addition, the ancient architecture case did not carry out efficient reuse of knowledge. Therefore, this article applies ontology to the field of ancient architecture, and proposes the knowledge expression of ancient architecture based on ontology. And SWRL is used to describe the ancient building rules. Secondly, through the application of case-reasoning technology, the reuse of case knowledge of ancient architecture is realized. Ontology-based case representation can provide a unified definition of ancient building knowledge for different participants and lay the foundation for information interaction. Case-based reasoning provides an implementation method for knowledge reuse of ancient building damage cases.