Evolution of representations on reasoning (three cultural starts)

This article analyzes the three cultural starts of reasoning (ancient, modern, and current). This analysis is preceded by the history of studying reasoning in the Moscow Methodological Group, the representatives of which set the task of creating the theory of mendacity, but failed to complete. It turned out that reasoning cannot be reduced to activity not explained by semiotics. The concept of Aristotle's reasoning (the first start) is explored. He completes the tradition of norming the discursive types of activity (reasoning, proof, cognition) that comes from Parmenides and Socrates, attributes the ability to reason to an individual, and along with Plato generates a new reality in mentality. The second start of reasoning is attributed to the Modern Age, which outlined the task getting hold of nature and formed a New European creative personality. In this case, reasoning is endowed with the characteristics of constructiveness, projectivity, eventfulness, perceived as a method of creating new nature and thingness by a person, and included into the context of formation of the culture of modernity. The third start, as the emergence of a new type of reasoning, is currently developing. It is substantiated by the crisis of the culture of modernity, which caused the emergence of new types of discursive practices (interdisciplinary research, collective forms of mental activity using the Internet, development of methodology). These new types of practices require further research and norming, so are the new functions and peculiarities of reasoning.

Learning about wave optics: the effects of combining external visualizations with extreme case reasoning

In this study we investigated whether combining external visualizations with extreme case reasoning may facilitate developing of conceptual understanding about wave optics. For purposes of answering our research question we conducted a pretest-posttest quasi-experiment which included 179 students from a first year introductory physics course at the University of Zagreb, Croatia. Students who were guided through extreme case reasoning in their wave optics seminars significantly outperformed their peers who received conventional teaching treatment. Findings from our study suggest that combining external visualizations with extreme case reasoning facilitates development of visually rich internal representations which are a good basis for performing mental simulations about wave optics phenomena. In addition, it has been also found that many students use the “closer to the source implicates greater effect” p-prim when reasoning about certain relationships, such as the relationship between fringes’ dimension and slits-screen separation.

A Deep Belief Network and Case Reasoning Based Decision Model for Emergency Rescue

The frequent occurrence of major public emergencies in China has caused significant human and economic losses. To carry out successful rescue operations in such emergencies, decisions need to be made as efficiently as possible. Using earthquakes as an example of a public emergency, this paper combines the Deep Belief Network (DBN) and Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) models to improve the case representation and case retrieval steps in the decision-making process, then designs and constructs a decision-making model. The validity of the model is then verified by an example. The results of this study can be applied to maximize the efficiency of emergency rescue decisions.

Periodical amnesia and dédoublement in case-reasoning: Writing psychological cases in late 19th-century France

The psychoanalytical case history was in many ways the pivot point of John Forrester’s reflections on case-based reasoning. Yet the Freudian case is not without its own textual forebears. This article closely analyses texts from two earlier case-writing traditions in order to elucidate some of the negotiations by which the case history as a textual form came to articulate the mode of reasoning that we now call ‘thinking in cases’. It reads Eugène Azam’s 1876 observation of Félida X and her ‘double personality’—the case that brought both Azam and Félida to prominence in late 19th-century French science—against a medico-surgical case penned by the Bordeaux physician in the same decade. While the stylistics of Azam’s medical case mirror its epistemic underpinnings in the ‘vertical’ logics of positivist science, the multiple narratives interwoven in Félida’s case grant both Azam and his patient the role of knowledge-making actors in the text. This narrative transformation chimes with the way Azam reasons ‘horizontally’ from particulars to Félida’s singular condition, but sits in tension with his choice to structure the observation along a ‘vertical’ axis. Between the two, we glimpse the emergence of the psychological observation as a mode of writing and thus of thinking in cases.

An intelligent optimization control method for the electrode current of submerged arc furnaces based on case reasoning

Due to the nonlinearity, strong coupling, and time-varying characteristics of three-phase electrode lift system of submerged arc furnace, the existing manual operation has the problems of electrode control hysteresis, poor balance of three-phase electrode current, and blindness of electrode current target setting. An intelligent optimization control method for the electrode current of submerged arc furnace based on case reasoning is proposed in this article, which is used to realize the automatic control of the electrode control system of the submerged arc furnace. First, the optimization model of electrode current setting value of the submerged arc furnace is established by the case-based reasoning method, and the corresponding electrode current value is calculated to maximize the yield in the safe power range of the furnace. Next, a three-phase electrode current decoupling controller is designed based on fuzzy rules. Finally, an intelligent optimization control system of three-phase electrode current of submerged arc furnace is designed and its superiority is verified by comparison with the proportional–integral–derivative controller. The designed control system has been applied to the smelting production of submerged arc furnace in a domestic smelter. The simulation and industrial operation results show that the system realizes automatic balance adjustment of electrode current of submerged arc furnace under normal working conditions, which greatly reduces the labor intensity of the operator, increases the smelting yield, reduces the unit energy consumption, and brings significant economic and social benefits to the enterprise.

Case-based Reasoning of Damaged Ancient Buildings based on Ontology

At present, China has a large number of ancient buildings, and correspondingly, it also faces many problems. Staff of different professions have inconsistent perceptions of ancient buildings, resulting in inability to interact with information. In addition, the ancient architecture case did not carry out efficient reuse of knowledge. Therefore, this article applies ontology to the field of ancient architecture, and proposes the knowledge expression of ancient architecture based on ontology. And SWRL is used to describe the ancient building rules. Secondly, through the application of case-reasoning technology, the reuse of case knowledge of ancient architecture is realized. Ontology-based case representation can provide a unified definition of ancient building knowledge for different participants and lay the foundation for information interaction. Case-based reasoning provides an implementation method for knowledge reuse of ancient building damage cases.