Etika Kebijakan Publik Pada Program Keluarga Harapan di Kota Palopo

Ethics is one approach that is often used in public policy in the framework of public administration. The Family Hope Program is an empowerment program for underprivileged communities by providing conditional cash assistance. This study will to describe the benefits, great benefits, and benefits for as many people as possible in terms of the ethical perspective of utilitarianism from a policy in the form of a program, namely, implementation of the family of hope program in Palopo City. The object of this research is was family hope program at Palopo City. This study uses an evaluation method through a qualitative approach. Data obtained through data presentation, data reduction, verification and conclusion drawing. The results of the study indicate that the benefits obtained to implementation of family hope program in Palopo City are based on utilitarian ethics, namely there are additional costs in meeting education and health needs. Furthermore, great benefit that can be obtained to program recipients is a change in mindset to prioritize and care more about the importance of children's education and in the health sector, namely the importance of regular check-ups to the posyandu for pregnant women and toddlers. The great benefit for as many people as possible that will be found in implementation on this program is that there is an insurance effect for program recipients, namely future security guarantees for PKH participants as a means of motivation to see education and health as potential welfare.

The Wealth Effect of Corporate Water Actions: How Past Corporate Responsibility and Irresponsibility Influence Stock Market Reactions

Ensuring access to clean water is one of the most important development and health challenges of the twenty-first century. Given the manifold impacts of business activities on water resources, corporate water actions should be of central concern to business ethics researchers. Yet so far we know too little about whether business activities that impact on water resources are noticed or how corporate water actions are valued by a firm’s stakeholders, including by financial markets. In response, we conduct an event study to investigate the shareholder wealth effect of reports of corporate water actions. We explore stock market reactions to water actions by S&P 500 firms from 2005 to 2017, showing that the market reacts positively to reports of responsible water actions and negatively to irresponsible actions. We further explain that these abnormal returns to water actions are associated with a firm’s past performance on ethical issues, arguing that the reputational effects from prior corporate social responsibility and irresponsibility influence market reactions. Our analysis provides evidence that there are diminishing marginal returns to responsible water actions for firms with records of past responsibility and an offsetting effect for those with past irresponsibility. Similarly, we demonstrate an insurance effect that limits punishment for irresponsible water actions for firms with responsible performance records and diminishing negative marginal returns for those already seen to be irresponsible. This study is the first to show that shareholders recognize market value in corporate water actions and are prepared to award or punish firms in stock markets based on their impacts on water.

Does Health Insurance Affect the Completeness of Antenatal Care?

The antenatal treatment has been ineffective in reducing maternal mortality. Therefore, this study aimed to examine health insurance effect on Indonesia's antenatal care quality. The 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey data were processed. Moreover, a sample size of 15,351 participants was selected using the analysis unit of study for women aged 15 to 49. In the final stage, Binary Logistic Regression was used, while other variables examined besides antenatal treatment included health insurance, residence, age, marital, education, parity, and wealth. Based on the complete category of antenatal care visits, women that did antenatal care visits were ≥ four, occupied by both types of health insurance ownership. The multivariable analysis indicated that health insurance ownership affects antenatal care completeness as insured women were 1.394 times higher than uninsured women (OR= 1.394; 95% CI= 1.257-1.546). Result showed other determinant variables, namely age, education, parity, and wealth were also found. In conclusion, health insurance gives Indonesian women a better possibility of receiving complete antenatal care.

Does corporate groups accrue higher leverage: Emerging Market Evidence

This article explores the capital structure composition of group-affiliated firms. We find that group member firms choose to accrue higher debt ratios compared to non-group counterparts. Further disentangling the higher debt ratios of group-affiliates, we find risk-sharing or co-insurance effect whereby business groups enable member firms to share risks through income-smoothing and intra-group reallocation of resources. Our results suggest that business groups act as internal capital markets, assist affiliated firms overcome financial constraints, and ease access to external capital. Lastly, our study shows that group affiliations positively contribute to firms’ better financial performance relative to the non-group firms.