Profiling of volatile compounds with characteristic odors in Bambusa oldhamii shoots from Taiwan

This study focuses on volatile aromatic constituents extracted using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) from underground and aboveground Bambusa oldhamii shoots. Analysis was conducted using the extracts after heating at various temperatures and for various durations. Results of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed six SPME-extracted volatile aromatic compounds in underground B. oldhamii shoots and eleven in aboveground B. oldhamii shoots. Methyl salicylate with a characteristic mint aroma and methoxy-phenyl oxime that gives a smell of fresh shrimp and crabs are the main volatile compounds found in underground and aboveground shoots of B. oldhamii, respectively. Moreover, the two types of shoots tested also contain volatile compounds including fatty acids: n-hexadecanoic acid (27.94%) and aliphatic aldehyde: trans-2-nonenal (16.31%), respectively. The GC-MS analysis of underground and aboveground B. oldhamii shoots steamed at 100 C for 60 min revealed n-hexadecanoic acid as the main fatty acid compound.

Aggregation of Surfactants: Catalytic Reinforcement in Oxidation of Unsaturated E-Crotonaldehyde

In this work, the kinetics of the micellar catalyzed oxidation of the unsaturated aliphatic aldehyde, E-crotonaldehyde in aqueous medium under pseudo 1st-order reaction condition was spectrophotometrically investigated at 25 °C. In the spectrophotometric measurement, the rate of the reaction was recorded by the decreasing intensity of the metallic oxidant, hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)], in acidic aliquots at 450 nm with varying concentration of surfactants and/or heteroaromatic promoters. Spectral evidences have been produced in favour of the mechanistic approach and the product formation.

Citral Delays Postharvest Senescence of Kiwifruit by Enhancing Antioxidant Capacity under Cold Storage

Citral is an aliphatic aldehyde extracted from citrus essential oil. The aim of the study was to examine how citral treatment affects the weight loss, firmness, respiration, and ripening index, as well as the antioxidant capacity of kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis cv. ‘Jinkui’). The citral treatment was seen to reduce the weight loss, softening, and fruit respiration compared to control fruits. Citral treatment also had an inhibitory effect on ripening index, O2•− production rate, and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation. The degradations of ascorbic acid (AsA) content, total flavonoids content (TFC), and total phenolics content (TPC) were also suppressed by citral. In contrast, citral treatment induces the activation of antioxidant enzyme system such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT). Collectively, the results indicated that citral treatment delays postharvest senescence and prolongs storage life by enhancing antioxidant capacity in harvested kiwifruits. These findings suggest that citral has the potential to be used as a promising natural preservative for the extension of postharvest quality in harvested kiwifruit.

Study of prooxidant activity and some indicators of the pituitary-gonadal system in patients suffering from chronic endometritis

The state of lipid peroxidation and the oxidative modification of proteins in the blood of 29 women with chronic endometritis aged 27 to 40 years were studied. The control group consisted of 19 healthy women aged 27 to 44 years. The intensity of lipid peroxidation was estimated by the level of diene conjugates and malondialdehyde, the oxidative modification of proteins - by the level of carbonyl derivatives. It was shown that in the blood of women with chronic endometritis, the concentration of aliphatic aldehyde groups and 1,9 times the carbonyl groups in protein molecules increases by 3,3 times compared with the control group. A significant increase in diene conjugates by 34% and malondialdehyde in blood plasma and red blood cells by 47 and 43%, respectively, was established. The increase in lipid peroxidation products and oxidative protein modification in the blood indicates the development of oxidative stress in women suffering from chronic endometritis. Compared with healthy patients with chronic endometritis, a convincing tendency toward an increase in prolactin and anti- Muller hormone against a decrease in progesterone was revealed in the group compared to healthy ones. To predict possible complications in patients with chronic endometritis, it is advisable to study the indicators of protein and lipid peroxidation as markers of oxidative stress and the severity of the inflammatory process. In addition, such patients should be advised to take antioxidant drugs in combination with the basic therapy.

Metal-Free Synthesis of Pyrimidinone Derivatives via Biginelli Reaction Using Aqueous NaICl2

Metal-free synthesis of pyrimidinone (alky/aryl) via Biginelli reaction in the presence of aqueous sodium dichloroiodate (NaICl2) was studied under reflux conditions. Herein, we first time report the synthesis of the aliphatic Biginelli product by using aliphatic aldehyde, cyclopentane, and urea. Several aromatic and heteroaromatic aldehydes were studied for the confirmation of the wide applicability of aq. NaICl2 for the synthesis of corresponding Biginelli products. The obtained desired products provide good to excellent yield.

The plant pathogen enzyme AldC is a long-chain aliphatic aldehyde dehydrogenase

Aldehyde dehydrogenases are versatile enzymes that serve a range of biochemical functions. Although traditionally considered metabolic housekeeping enzymes because of their ability to detoxify reactive aldehydes, like those generated from lipid peroxidation damage, the contributions of these enzymes to other biological processes are widespread. For example, the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae strain PtoDC3000 uses an indole-3-acetaldehyde dehydrogenase to synthesize the phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid to elude host responses. Here we investigate the biochemical function of AldC from PtoDC3000. Analysis of the substrate profile of AldC suggests that this enzyme functions as a long-chain aliphatic aldehyde dehydrogenase. The 2.5 Å resolution X-ray crystal of the AldC C291A mutant in a dead-end complex with octanal and NAD+ reveals an apolar binding site primed for aliphatic aldehyde substrate recognition. Functional characterization of site-directed mutants targeting the substrate- and NAD(H)-binding sites identifies key residues in the active site for ligand interactions, including those in the “aromatic box” that define the aldehyde-binding site. Overall, this study provides molecular insight for understanding the evolution of the prokaryotic aldehyde dehydrogenase superfamily and their diversity of function.