EXTRALINGUISTIC INFORMATION OF UKRAINIAN, ENGLISH AND FRENCH PROVERBS WITH THE COMPONENT “MIND”

The article is devoted to the problem of extralingual information of the Ukrainian, English and French proverbs with a component “mind”. The result of the analysis is that the semantics of proverbs in three languages are determined and adjusting judgements which have the connection with the attitude of Ukrainians, Englishmen and Frenchmen toward intelligence are formed. The relevance of the topic is due to the fact that a proverb is a unique reflection of people’s beliefs, persuasions, system of values, culture, everyday activity and way of thinking. Modern linguists in their works pay attention to such features of proverbs, as: structuring, rhythm, semantics which is represented in both, direct and indirect meanings of the proverbs. For the research there are taken 106 Ukrainian proverbs with a lexeme «розум», 12 English proverbs with a lexeme “mind” and 12 French proverbs with a lexeme “esprit”. Analysis of the semantic meanings of proverbs and their comparison in three languages contribute to the selection of judgements that are common for: all three nations; Ukrainians and Englishmen; Ukrainians and Frenchmen; Englishmen and Frenchmen. It should be noticed, that judgements which are appropriate for each separate language are formed. The content of judgements shows that Ukrainians, Englishmen and Frenchmen, have similarities in some judgements, among which is the conviction that a clever man considers feelings. Among other peculiarities of Ukrainians such persuasion as the “mind” is God’s gift is distinguished. Comparing mind and wealth Ukrainians express hesitation concerning the necessity to clarify the interdependence of mind and incomes. The consequence of such hesitation is the existence of proverbs which have the contradictory meanings. From the one side, the incomes support the acquisition of knowledge, from the other side, the incomes prevent the person to become cleverer. As for the Englishmen, they are more confident in the idea that gaining incomes depends directly on person’s mind and knowledge. In the Ukrainian proverbs the other contradictory judgements take place. They have the connection with the interdependence of happiness and mind as well as mind and old age. Moreover, the majority of judgements about the mind in three languages is positive. This fact confirms the importance of developing of mind for representatives of three nations. Key words: paremiological unit, semantic meaning, adjusting judgement, mental abilities, culture, system of persuasions. Статтю присвячено дослідженню лінгвокультурної специфіки українських, англійських і французьких прислів’їв із компонентом «розум». У результаті аналізу визначено семантичне наповнення прислів’їв трьох мов і сформульовано настановні судження щодо ставлення українців, англійців і французів до розумової діяльності. Актуальність дослідження зумовлено тим, що прислів’я є унікальним відбиттям вірувань, переконань, системи цінностей, звичаїв, культури, повсякденної діяльності й способу мислення кожного народу. Сучасні лінгвісти у своїх працях звертають увагу на такі особливості прислів’їв, як структурованість, ритмічність, семантична наповненість, яка відбивається як у прямих, так і в переносних значеннях прислів’їв. Матеріалом дослідження для статті послугували 106 українських прислів’їв із лексемою «розум», 12 англійських – із лексемою “mind” і 12 французьких – із лексемою “esprit”. Аналіз змістового наповнення прислів’їв та їхнє порівняння в трьох мовах сприяло виокремленню суджень, що є спільними для: всіх трьох народів; українців і англійців; українців і французів; англійців і французів. Слід відзначити, що були також сформульовані судження, які притаманні окремо кожному народу. Зміст суджень показав, що українці, англійці й французи мають схожість у деяких судженнях, а саме стосовно переконаності в тому, що розумна людина зважає на почуття. Серед інших особливостей виокремлено таке переконання українців, за яким «розум» є подарунком від Бога, однак розвиток розуму залежить від людини. Порівнюючи розум із багатством, українці дещо сумніваються в необхідності вказувати на взаємозалежність розуму й статків, наслідком чого є існування прислів’їв, зміст яких суперечить один одному. З одного боку, саме статки сприяють набуттю знань, з іншого, – статки заважають людині ставати розумнішою. Щодо англійців, то вони значно впевненіше вказують на те, що здобуття матеріальних статків безпосередньо залежить від розуму й знань людини. В українських прислів’ях є й інші суперечливі судження, які стосуються взаємозалежності щастя та розуму, а також розуму й старості. Слід відзначити, що переважна більшість суджень про розумову діяльність у трьох мовах позитивна, що підтверджує важливість набуття цієї характеристики представниками всіх трьох народів.Ключові слова: пареміологічна одиниця, семантичний зміст, настановне судження, розумові здібності, культура народу, система переконань.

Genre Localization in Current Popular Music of the Philippines

This paper focuses on the process of genre formation in the evolution of popular music of the Philippines’. From the phenomenon of the perception discrepancy of popular music genres among different stakeholders, this paper gives to attention at providing an alternative theory to explore how the Philippines’ popular music genres have been established. Applying Joe Peter’s theory of cultural hybridism, this paper specifically attempts at exploring how foreign genres have been fused with local cultures and musical components, aiming at a vocality of expressing the Philippines’ national identity, which is key in articulating Philippines’ popular music genres in their actual sense. Rather than a parodic emulation of foreign music products, genre fluidity is a unique reflection of the artistic wisdom of Philippines’ musicians in the pursuit of forming a voice of their own, a continuation of their nationalist movement in their popular music idioms.

Recent Progress in Distributed Brillouin Sensors Based on Few-Mode Optical Fibers

Brillouin scattering is a dominant inelastic scattering observed in optical fibers, where the energy and momentum transfer between photons and acoustic phonons takes place. Narrowband reflection (or gain and loss) spectra appear in the spontaneous (or stimulated) Brillouin scattering, and their linear dependence of the spectral shift on ambient temperature and strain variations is the operation principle of distributed Brillouin sensors, which have been developed for several decades. In few-mode optical fibers (FMF’s) where higher-order spatial modes are guided in addition to the fundamental mode, two different optical modes can be coupled by the process of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS), as observed in the phenomena called intermodal SBS (two photons + one acoustic phonon) and intermodal Brillouin dynamic grating (four photons + one acoustic phonon; BDG). These intermodal scattering processes show unique reflection (or gain and loss) spectra depending on the spatial mode structure of FMF, which are useful not only for the direct measurement of polarization and modal birefringence in the fiber, but also for the measurement of environmental variables like strain, temperature, and pressure affecting the birefringence. In this paper, we present a technical review on recent development of distributed Brillouin sensors on the platform of FMF’s.

A study on the thermo-optical behaviour of phosphorescent coatings for passive cooling applications

Climate change intensifies the Urban Heat Islands (UHI) in hundreds of cities around the globe. Even though tests on traditional cool materials have shown promising results in terms of UHI mitigation, novel advanced solutions are deemed necessary for strategically counteracting UHI. Unlike traditional materials, phosphorescent materials can not only reflect incident shortwave radiation but also reemit it back, i.e. the phenomenon of phosphorescence. Even though this unique reflection-reemission mechanism known as effective solar reflectance (ESR), has been widely tested for sustainable lightning applications, its cooling potential has been surprisingly overlooked. Here, we examine, in-lab, and numerically, the thermo-optical properties of several phosphorescent coatings of different colours and we evaluate their effective cooling potential. Results reveal that the phosphorescence mechanism could be effectively optimized for obtaining phosphorescent-based coatings with an improved optical performance and hence substantially mitigate surface overheating in the built environment.

WINGLESS GRIFFINS AMONG PAPYRUS PLANTS FROM NEOPALATIAL KNOSSOS? A RECONSTRUCTION PROPOSAL OF THE SEAL IMPRESSION CMS II8, 321

This paper offers a new interpretation of the motifs preserved on the fragmentary Late Minoan (LM) I seal impression from Knossos CMS II8, 321, proposing a reconstruction of the original scene as two couchant overlapping griffins without wings among papyrus plants. If correct, the combination of all these elements is quite exceptional, since this scene would provide a unique reflection in glyptic art of the famous Throne Room decoration of Knossos, with its imposing wingless griffins immersed in a lush landscape of papyrus-reeds. Although a well-known ivory plaque from Mycenae displays a similar composition with a single, ‘classical’, winged griffin, no seal image seems to show also the wingless beast and the overlapping pose of two couchant griffins. The present investigation explores several parallels not only for this rare, yet well-attested, compositional scheme in Aegean art, but also for the figure of the wingless griffin. Both will be found in the Pylian palace decorative programme, which offers further griffins without wings – even in glyptic art – a meaningful parallel, since the interconnections between the Palace of Nestor and the Palace of Minos provide some of the most intriguing material in the study of Aegean imagery.

Peranan Filsafat Bahasa dalam Perkembangan Linguistik (The Role of Language Philosophy in the Development of Linguistics)

Filsafat merupakan ilmu tertua yang dipelajari oleh manusia. Dalam perkembangannya, filsafat yang tidak bisa lepas dari pembahasan mengenai bahasa, melahirkan ilmu filsafat bahasa. Filsafat bahasa semakin berkembang karena bahasa memiliki fungsi subjektif yang menggambarkan pengalaman hidup manusia. Subjektivitas inilah yang akan terus memantik minat dari para aktor filsafat bahasa untuk mendiskusikan dan memperdebatkan aspek-aspek yang terlibat. Artikel ini mengkaji hubungan antara filsafat bahasa dan perkembangan linguistik. Pendekatan kualitatif dalam artikel ini direalisasikan dengan mengaplikasikan kajian pustaka kritis di berbagai literatur yang relevan. Dari kajian pustaka kritis, penulis melihat bahwa bahasa adalah sebuah objek atas refleksi unik pengalaman kehidupan manusia. Oleh karena itu, sebuah “simpul” diperlukan untuk “mengilmiahkan” keunikan pengalaman manusia. Hal itu dapat dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan filsafat ilmu sebagai motor dan linguistik sebagai roda penggeraknya. Philosophy is one of the oldest studies learnt by human. In the development, philosophy, which cannot be separated from language issues, generates philosophy of language. It develops because language has a subjective function that portrays human’s experience. This subjectivity triggers the attention of language philosophy scholars to explore the aspects involved. This article tries to study the relationship between philosophy of language and linguistics development. The qualitative paradigm applied in the article is realized through the application of critical reviews of relevant literatures. From the study, the author identifies that language is the object of human’s unique reflection of his or her life experience. Thus, a “bridge” is needed to scientize the uniqueness of human’s experience. The connection can be made possible by exploiting philosophy, as the engine, and linguistics, as its wheel.

The Oxford Handbook of Computational Economics and Finance

Being published as a celebration of the 60th anniversary of John von Neumann’s “Theory of Self-Reproducing Automata,” this handbook attempts to provide a unique reflection on the nature of computational economics and finance (CEF) in light of natural computationalism. We restructure CEF by including both nature-inspired computing and natural computing. This new framework allows us to have a view of CEF much broader than just the conventional algorithmic consideration. The book begins with a historical review of computational economics (CE), tracing its history far back to the era of analog computing. In these early days, advancements were mainly made using the idea of natural computing, and the subjects pursued by CE were the computing system as a whole, not just numerical computing. The handbook then is organized by distinguishing computing from computing systems. Six chapters (Chapters 2 to 7) are devoted to the former. They together present a review on the recent progresses in CE, as illustrated by the computation of rational expectations, general equilibrium, risk, and volatility. The subsequent 16 chapters are devoted to the computing-systemic view of CE, including natural-inspired computing (Chapters 8 to 12) and network, agent-based computing and neural computing (Chapters 13 to 23). In addition to providing alternative approaches to forecasting, investment strategies and risk management, etc., they enable us to have a 'natural' or more realistic description of the economy, starting from its decision makers; hence, market-design or policy-design issues involving different levels of the economy, be microscopic, mesoscopic and macroscopic, can be simultaneously addressed and coherently integrated. The handbook concludes with a chapter on what we may hope from CE by providing an in-depth review on the epistemological aspects of computation.

Identification of patterns in diffraction intensities affected by radiation exposure

In an X-ray diffraction experiment, the structure of molecules and the crystal lattice changes owing to chemical reactions and physical processes induced by the absorption of X-ray photons. These structural changes alter structure factors, affecting the scaling and merging of data collected at different absorbed doses. Many crystallographic procedures rely on the analysis of consistency between symmetry-equivalent reflections, so failure to account for the drift of their intensities hinders the structure solution and the interpretation of structural results. The building of a conceptual model of radiation-induced changes in macromolecular crystals is the first step in the process of correcting for radiation-induced inconsistencies in diffraction data. Here the complexity of radiation-induced changes in real and reciprocal space is analysed using matrix singular value decomposition applied to multiple complete datasets obtained from single crystals. The model consists of a resolution-dependent decay correction and a uniform-per-unique-reflection term modelling specific radiation-induced changes. This model is typically sufficient to explain radiation-induced effects observed in diffraction intensities. This analysis will guide the parameterization of the model, enabling its use in subsequent crystallographic calculations.