Chemical Screening of Metabolites Profile from Romanian Tuber spp.

Truffles are the rarest species and appreciated species of edible fungi and are well-known for their distinctive aroma and high nutrient content. However, their chemical composition largely depends on the particularities of their grown environment. Recently, various studies investigate the phytoconstituents content of different species of truffles. However, this research is still very limited for Romanian truffles. This study reports the first complete metabolites profiles identification based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-QTOF-MS) of two different types of Romania truffles: Tuber magnatum pico and Tuber brumale. In mass spectra (MS) in positive mode, over 100 metabolites were identified from 14 secondary metabolites categories: amino acids, terpenes, alkaloids, flavonoids, organic acids, fatty acids, phenolic acids, sulfur compounds, sterols, hydrocarbons, etc. Additionally, the biological activity of these secondary metabolite classes was discussed.

Draft Genome Sequences of the Black Truffles Tuber brumale Vittad. and Tuber indicum Cook & Massee

ABSTRACT Tuber brumale and Tuber indicum (Pezizomycetes) are two edible black truffles establishing ectomycorrhizal symbiosis with trees and shrubs. T. brumale is ubiquitous in Europe, and T. indicum is mainly found in China. Here, we present the draft genome sequences of T. brumale and T. indicum.

New Record of Macrofungi for the Mycobiota of the Cieszyn Municipality (Polish Western Carpathians) Including New Species to Poland

In this paper, we present the results of mycological research carried out between 2015 and 2018 in the Cieszyn township, in the Silesian Foothills (Outer Western Carpathians). The list of 417 species of macrofungi from the Cieszyn area reported in our previous study, has been expanded further by the addition of 37 taxa found in the current study. Among these, the following deserve special attention: fungi that are new to Poland’s mycobiota (six species: <em>Bryoscyphus dicrani</em>, <em>Discina martinii</em>, <em>Elaphomyces aculeatus</em>, <em>Tuber brumale</em>, <em>T. foetidum</em>, and <em>Russula cerea</em>), taxa subject to legal protection (four species: <em>Disciotis venosa</em>, <em>Grifola frondosa</em>, <em>Mitrophora semilibera</em>, and <em>Sparassis brevipes</em>), as well as fungi that are rare in Poland, included in national or regional red lists, and in the registers of rare and endangered species (24 species including <em>Amanita echinocephala</em>, <em>Arrhenia retiruga</em>, <em>A. spathulata</em>, <em>Catinella olivacea</em>, <em>Elaphomyces maculatus</em>, <em>Hygrophorus discoxanthus</em>, <em>Ophiocordyceps entomorrhiza</em>, <em>Pluteus diettrichii</em>, <em>Tuber aestivum</em>, and <em>T. fulgens</em>). This paper presents the distribution and location of 32 species of fungi along with a short description and illustration of the macro- and micromorphological features of select species and their habitats.

Tuber melanosporum spread within sub-optimal climatic zones is controlled by fruiting triggers and not mycorrhiza survival

<p><em>Tuber melanosporum</em> is the most valuable of all cultivatable truffle species. Farming of this species spans every continent with the exception of Antarctica. <em>Tuber aestivum</em> (syn. <em>T. uncinatum</em>) and <em>Tuber brumale</em> are truffle species that have similar host plant preference and a similar affinity for calcareous soils as <em>T. melanosporum</em>, but occur over a broader geographic zone. The geographic limit of <em>T. melanosporum</em> is thought to be climatically dictated but it is not known whether this is due to an impact on mycorrhizal survival or climatically-derived fruiting triggers. Here, data is compiled from five cultivated research sites in the climatically sub-optimal conditions of the UK in order to address this question. Here we show:</p><p><em>(</em><strong><em>i</em></strong><em>)Tuber melanosporum</em> mycorrhiza can survive and grow in sub-optimal climatic conditions.</p><p>(<strong><em>ii</em></strong>)It is climatically-derived fruiting triggers and not ectomycorrhiza survival that dictate the climatic preferences and geographic spread of <em>T. melanosporum</em>.</p><p>(<strong><em>iii</em></strong>)Important climatic parameters for potential fruiting triggers are sunshine hours, summer rainfall and summer temperatures.</p><p> </p><p>The data presented here not only aid our understanding of the ecological parameters of <em>T. melanosporum</em> but also have a practical application for truffle cultivators in choosing suitable locations for a plantation.</p>