scholarly journals Tuber melanosporum spread within sub-optimal climatic zones is controlled by fruiting triggers and not mycorrhiza survival

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul W. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Tuber Melanosporum ◽  
Tuber Aestivum ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Sunshine Hours ◽  
Tuber Brumale ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
The Uk

<p><em>Tuber melanosporum</em> is the most valuable of all cultivatable truffle species. Farming of this species spans every continent with the exception of Antarctica. <em>Tuber aestivum</em> (syn. <em>T. uncinatum</em>) and <em>Tuber brumale</em> are truffle species that have similar host plant preference and a similar affinity for calcareous soils as <em>T. melanosporum</em>, but occur over a broader geographic zone. The geographic limit of <em>T. melanosporum</em> is thought to be climatically dictated but it is not known whether this is due to an impact on mycorrhizal survival or climatically-derived fruiting triggers. Here, data is compiled from five cultivated research sites in the climatically sub-optimal conditions of the UK in order to address this question. Here we show:</p><p><em>(</em><strong><em>i</em></strong><em>)Tuber melanosporum</em> mycorrhiza can survive and grow in sub-optimal climatic conditions.</p><p>(<strong><em>ii</em></strong>)It is climatically-derived fruiting triggers and not ectomycorrhiza survival that dictate the climatic preferences and geographic spread of <em>T. melanosporum</em>.</p><p>(<strong><em>iii</em></strong>)Important climatic parameters for potential fruiting triggers are sunshine hours, summer rainfall and summer temperatures.</p><p> </p><p>The data presented here not only aid our understanding of the ecological parameters of <em>T. melanosporum</em> but also have a practical application for truffle cultivators in choosing suitable locations for a plantation.</p>

Grouping and identification of Tuber species using RAPD markers

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delphine Gandeboeuf ◽  
C. Dupré ◽  
G. Chevalier ◽  
P. Roeckel-Drevet ◽  
P. Nicolas
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Tuber Melanosporum ◽  
Tuber Aestivum ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Tuber Brumale ◽  
Dna Profiles ◽  
Tuber Species

Mycorrhizal fungi of the genus Tuber are classified by morphological characters that allow differentiation of most species. However, some economically important species are difficult to differentiate on morphological grounds. When morphological traits are not sufficient to discriminate between taxa, other markers are needed. Genetic variation of fruit bodies of 12 Tuber taxa was studied by the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. High interspecific variability was observed between most species. Moreover, important infraspecific variation occurred in all species, except Tuber brumale s.L, Tuber melanosporum, and Tuber magnatum. Southern hybridization patterns of RAPD products of the various species were used to confirm the data. Relationships among Tuber species were determined by cluster analyses. UPGMA analyses revealed several main clusters and a low genetic similarity between taxa. These results indicate that RAPD and polymerase chain reaction are useful for analysing genetic variation within Tuber species. Most species can be identified by differences in their amplified DNA profiles. However, the two pairs of closely related taxa Tuber aestivum – Tuber uncinatum and Tuber brumale var. brumale – Tuber brumale var. moschatum did not appear to differ genotypically. Key words: Tuber, RAPD, Southern, UPGMA, inter- and infra-specific variability.

Diversity of culturable microorganisms and occurrence of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. in Tuber aestivum and Tuber melanosporum ascocarps

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 286-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Susana Rivera ◽  
Domingo Blanco ◽  
Rosa Oria ◽  
María Eugenia Venturini
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Tuber Melanosporum ◽  
Tuber Aestivum ◽  
Salmonella Spp

scholarly journals A preliminary study of the behaviour of water buffaloes (<i>Bubalus bubalis</i>) imported to Poland (Short Communication)

2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 415-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Antkowiak ◽  
J. Pytlewski ◽  
A. Purczyńska ◽  
R. Skrzypek
Keyword(s):  
Short Communication ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Drainage Ditch ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
Lying Down

Abstract. This study was carried out on 26 adult water (river) buffaloes (25 females and 1 male) imported in 2006 to an eco-tourism farm in the Wielkopolska province, Poland. During the growing season, animals were kept on a logged pasture covering an area of about 15 ha. The pasture was divided into three approximately equal parts, each with a different facility available for wallowing; i.e. pond, drainage ditch and stream. Behavioural observations were carried out three times in July and August 2007 in approximately 14-d intervals, each time during one day on a different part of the pasture, always between 06.00 and 16.00. The method of registration was instantaneous scan sampling, performed at approximately 60 min intervals. On the days of observations mean daily temperature varied from 20.2 to 20.8 °C. Grazing was the behaviour shown by the highest percentage of animals in the herd (58.6%), followed by rumination (28.2%), lying down (26.5%), wallowing (12.9%) and standing (1.4%). When they had access to a pond or ditch, the proportion of animals wallowing was twice as much compared to stream access (P<0.05). It was concluded that the welfare of the investigated buffaloes was not compromised during the high summer temperatures that can be encountered in Poland. Results also indicate that the highest level of welfare can be reached in this time of year when animals are provided with access to ample facility for wallowing. Under our climatic conditions facilities with still or slowly moving water appeared to be preferred by river buffaloes. However, this study has a limitation which is short period of observation, thus it is possible that a longer and more representative period of observations could change these conclusions.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ESTIMATION OF RIVER RUNOFF FORMATION IN THE CLIMATIC ZONES OF GORN PAMIR

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 366-372
Author(s):  
Parviz NORMATOV ◽  
◽  
Inom NORMATOV ◽  
Richard ARMSTRONG ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Processing ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
The State ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
River Flows ◽  
Hydrological Characteristics ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation

The research object. The hydrological characteristics of the Gunt and Vanch rivers belonging to the Southwestern and Central climatic zones of the Pamirs and are tributaries of the transboundary Pyanj River are considered. Long-term average values of temperature and precipitation as the main factors affecting the formation of river flows are determined for the period 1944–2016. The state of glaciation in the basins of the respective rivers is estimated. Goal. A comparative assessment of the influence of climatic features and mountain orography on the formation of river flows. Determination of the trend of changes in the climatic conditions of the Gunt and Vanch river basins at different periods of more than 70 years (1944–2016). Research methods. Generalization, systematization of meteorological and hydrological characteristics and determination of their change compared with the base period 1960–1990. Statistical processing of meteorological and hydrological data and establishing a trend of changes in climatic and hydrological characteristics using a differentiated method. Research results. It is shown that the nature of changes in hydrological characteristics, namely the flow of rivers in different climatic zones of the Pamir can differ significantly. On the example of two rivers (Gunt and Vanch) - tributaries of the transboundary Pyanj river, it is shown that the trend of change in the flow of the Gunt river differs from the Vanch river due to the state of glaciation of the river basin. To explain the results the meteorological conditions of the respective river basins and their possible impact on river hydrology were studied. Conclusion. The hydrological characteristics of the Gunt and Vanch rivers in the Pamirs taking into account the meteorological conditions of the respective river basins show that a key factor in improving the state of glaciation and reducing degradation processes, as well as achieving positive trends in the mass balance of glaciers is the presence of sufficient air mass in the glaciation zone. Naturally, this is the key to ensuring a sufficient amount of runoff.

Hygienic assessment of potential ecotoxicological risk of the use of new insecticide spiromesifen in agriculture of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 62-67
Author(s):  
I.V. Tkachenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Ecotoxicological Risk ◽  
Environmental Objects ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Agricultural Use

Objective: The aim of our work was to study the potential ecotoxicological hazard of a new chemical from the class of tetramic and tetronic acid derivatives - the insecticide spiromesifen, taking into account its physico-chemical properties and impact on the environmental objects. Materials and methods: An assessment of the potential danger of spiromesifen use for ecosystems was carried out on the basis of the calculation of the ecotoxicological hazard (ecotox) by N.N. Melnikov’s method. The field studies were carried out in different agro-climatic zones of Ukraine. The treatment of vineyards and apple trees was carried out at the maximum consumption rates of spiromesifen. Results: According to the literary data and our research, it was found that in the soil-and-climatic conditions of Ukraine, the ecotoxicological risk, when using the new insecticide spiromesifen, is 10,000 times and 7,000 times low than the analogous characteristics of DDT. Ecotox abamectin is 154 times low than ecotox DDT. This makes preparations, based on these substances, more promising and competitive among other pesticides in agricultural use. We can conclude that spiromesifen does not pose a threat to terrestrial ecosystems and health of the population.

Analysis of Changes in the Natural and Climatic Conditions of the Functioning of the Construction Industry (Operation of Buildings and Structures) in the Region

2018 ◽  
Vol 931 ◽  
pp. 1031-1036
Author(s):  
Boris A. Ashabokov ◽  
Alexander V. Shapovalov ◽  
Alla A. Tashilova
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Southern Russia

The manifestations of climatic changes on the territory of the south of the European part of Russia are considered. The estimates for the changes in the seasonal and annual average, maximum and minimum air temperatures, in the seasonal and annual sum of precipitation, daily maximum precipitation as well as the dynamics of the number of their extreme values ​​in different climatic zones of southern Russia and in different seasons are obtained. Possible effects of climate change on the functioning of the construction industry in different climatic zones of the region are considered.

Evaluation of Gamma and Electron-Beam Irradiation on the Aromatic Profile of Black Truffles (Tuber melanosporum) and Summer Truffles (Tuber aestivum)

2014 ◽  
pp. 553-556
Author(s):  
Laura Culleré ◽  
Vicente Ferreira ◽  
Maria E. Venturini ◽  
Pedro Marco ◽  
Domingo Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Beam Irradiation ◽  
Tuber Melanosporum ◽  
Beam Irradiation ◽  
Tuber Aestivum ◽  
Black Truffles

scholarly journals Downscaling summer rainfall in the UK from North Atlantic ocean temperatures

2001 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Wilby
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Rainfall Forecasting ◽  
Dry Spells ◽  
Dry Spell ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Sst Anomalies

Abstract. Annual series of three stochastic rainfall model parameters — the seasonal wet day amount (or intensity), the conditional dry–day probability (or dry–spell persistence), and the conditional wet-day probability (or wet-spell persistence) — were examined using daily rainfall records for ten UK stations for the period 1901–1995. The purpose was first, to determine the extent to which these indices of summer (June–August) rainfall were correlated with empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) of summer North Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies: second, to evaluate the skill of EOFs of preceding winter (December–February) SSTs for summer rainfall forecasting and downscaling.Correlation analyses suggest that observed increases in summer dry-spell persistence since the 1970s coincided with positive SST anomalies in the North Atlantic. In contrast, wet-spell persistence and intensities were relatively weakly correlated with the same patterns, implying that the use of SSTs is justifiable for conditioning occurrence but not intensity parameters. Furthermore, the correlation strengths were greater for EOFs of SSTs than those reported for area-average SST anomalies, indicating that the pattern of SST anomalies conveys important information about seasonal rainfall anomalies across the UK. When EOFs of winter SSTs were used to forecast summer rainfall in Cambridge, the skill was once again greater for dry-spells than either wet-spells or intensities. However, even for dry–spells, the correlation with observations — whilst statistically significant — was still rather modest (r<0.4). Nonetheless, the results are comparable to previous investigations of summer rainfall across Europe, and suggest that forecasting skill (across the UK) originates from the predictability of the rainfall occurrence process. Keywords: North Atlantic, ocean temperatures, downscaling, rainfall, forecasting, UK

Triassic mudstones of the Central North Sea: cross-border characterization, correlation and their palaeoclimatic significance

2020 ◽  
pp. SP494-2019-61
Author(s):  
Stuart G. Archer ◽  
Tom McKie ◽  
Steven D. Andrews ◽  
Anne D. Wilkins ◽  
Matt Hutchison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Fluvial Systems ◽  
Correlation Lengths ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Stratigraphic Nomenclature ◽  
Central North Sea

AbstractThe Triassic of the Central North Sea is a continental succession that contains prolific hydrocarbon-bearing fluvial sandstone reservoirs stratigraphically partitioned by mudstones. Within the Skagerrak Formation of the UK sector, hydrocarbon accumulations in the Judy, Joanne and Josephine Sandstone members are top sealed by the Julius, Jonathan and Joshua Mudstone members, respectively. However, UK and Norwegian stratigraphic correlations have been problematical for decades, largely due to biostratigraphic challenges but also due to the non-uniqueness of the lithotypes and because the cross-border stratigraphic nomenclature differs and has yet to be rationalized. This study focuses on mudstones rather than sandstones to unify cross-border correlation efforts at a regional scale. The mudstone members have been characterized by integrating sedimentological, petrophysical and geophysical data. The facies are indicative of playa lakes that frequently desiccated and preserved minor anhydrite. These conditions alternated with periods of marshy, palustrine conditions favourable for the formation of dolostones. Regional correlations have detected lateral facies changes in the mudstones which are important for their seismically mappable extents, resulting palaeogeographies and, ultimately, their competency as intraformational top seals. Significant diachroneity is associated with the lithological transitions at sandstone–mudstone member boundaries and although lithostratigraphic surfaces can be used as timelines over short distances (e.g. within a field), they should not be assumed to represent timelines over longer correlation lengths. Palaeoclimatic trends are interpreted and compared to those of adjacent regions to test the extent and impact of climate change as a predictive allogenic forcing factor on sedimentation. Mudstone member deposition occurred as a result of the retreat of large-scale terminal fluvial systems during a return to more arid ‘background’ climatic conditions. The cause of the member-scale climatic cyclicity observed within the Skagerrak Formation may be related to volcanic activity in large igneous provinces which triggered the episodic progradation of fluvial systems.

Observations and Experiments on some Larval Trematodes of Freshwater Snails and Fish from Southern Iceland

1973 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Blair
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Liver Fluke ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Freshwater Snails ◽  
Apparent Absence ◽  
Summer Temperatures

During the Glasgow University Iceland Expedition in 1972 freshwater snails and fish in southern Iceland were sampled for larval trematodes. This survey was prompted by the lack of literature concerning larval trematodes there. Indeed, the apparent absence of liver fluke Fasciola hepatica (L.1758) from Iceland, (Palsson, pers. comm.) despite the presence of its molluscan and definitive hosts and the low summer temperatures, might lead to the supposition that climatic conditions are too harsh to permit completion of many trematode life-cycles. A number of adult trematodes have been reported from migratory birds in Iceland (Brinkmann 1956), although these parasites could have been acquired elsewhere. However, Crepidostomum farionis (Müller, 1784) from the gut of trout and char in Iceland (Brinkmann 1956) presumably completes its life cycle in freshwater there, although this has yet to be demonstrated.

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