Discourse of Middle Way in Islamic Jurisprudence on Career Women in Achieving The Sakinah Family: Reconstruction of Roles and Women's Identity

The focus of this paper is on the problems of career women both historically and juridical. This paper tries to reconcile the longstanding debate about the role of women in the public sphere. The stigma of women being identical to the domestic duties as servants of parents or servants of husbands has begun to change in the millennial era. Women have started going out and getting a profession in various fields. This study examines textually and historically related to women and juridical reviews in both classical jurisprudence and related to the Indonesian laws. This paper begins by analyzing the position of women historically, to analyze the development of women’s role in their life. While the juridical study by analyzing both the Marriage Law and the opinions of some fiqh experts and various other studies in accordance with the theme. This study provides the conclusion that there are career women who are challenges and at the same time opportunities to create a confident family. Progressive interpretation of career women seeks to produce fiqh in the middle way that women also have the right to do good deeds (work). But the right that given must still be based on the benefit of individuals and collectives (sakinah family).Fokus tulisan ini membicarakan tentang problematika wanita karier baik secara historis-yuridis. Tulisan ini berusaha mendamaikan perdebatan yang telah lama terjadi tentang peran wanita di ruang publik. Stigma wanita identik dengan tugas domestik sebagai pengabdi orang tua atau pelayan suami apabila telah menikah telah memulai pudar di era digital. Wanita sudah mulai keluar rumah dan mendapatkan profesi diberbagai bidang. Kajian ini dengan mengkaji secara tekstual baik yang terkait dengan historis wanita dan tinjauan yuridis baik dalam fikih klasik dan Undang-undang Indonesia yang terkait. Tulisan ini dimulai dengan menganalisis kedudukan wanita secara historis untuk menganalisa perkembangan peran wanita dalam kehidupan. Sedangkan kajian yuridis dengan menganalisis baik dalam UU Perkawinan dan pendapat beberapa ahli fikih serta berbagai kajian lain yang sesuai dengan tema. Penelitian ini memberikan hasil kesimpulan bahwa ada wanita karier merupakan tantangan dan sekaligus peluang dalam menciptakan keluarga yang sakinah. Penafsiran progresif terhadap wanita karier berusaha menghasilkan fikih jalan tengah bahwa wanita juga berhak beramal kebaikan (bekerja). Namun hak yang diberikan ini tetap harus disandarkan kepada kemaslahatan individual maupun kolektif (keluarga sakinah).

Mosaic origin of the eukaryotic kinetochore

The emergence of eukaryotes from ancient prokaryotic lineages was accompanied by a remarkable increase in cellular complexity. While prokaryotes use simple systems to connect DNA to the segregation machinery during cell division, eukaryotes use a highly complex protein assembly known as the kinetochore. Although conceptually similar, prokaryotic segregation systems and eukaryotic kinetochore proteins share no homology, raising the question of the origins of the latter. Using large-scale gene family reconstruction, sensitive profile-versus-profile homology detection and protein structural comparisons, we here reveal that the kinetochore of the last eukaryotic common ancestor (LECA) consisted of 52 proteins that share deep evolutionary histories with proteins involved in a few prokaryotic processes and a multitude of eukaryotic processes, including ubiquitination, chromatin regulation and flagellar as well as vesicular transport systems. We find that gene duplications played a major role in shaping the kinetochore: roughly half of LECA kinetochore proteins have other kinetochore proteins as closest homologs. Some of these (e.g. subunits of the Mis12 complex) have no detectable homology to any other eukaryotic protein, suggesting they arose as kinetochore-specific proteins de novo before LECA. We propose that the primordial kinetochore evolved from proteins involved in various (pre-)eukaryotic systems as well as novel proteins, after which a subset duplicated to give rise to the complex kinetochore of LECA.

CAARS: comparative assembly and annotation of RNA-Seq data

Motivation RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) is a widely used approach to obtain transcript sequences in non-model organisms, notably for performing comparative analyses. However, current bioinformatic pipelines do not take full advantage of pre-existing reference data in related species for improving RNA-Seq assembly, annotation and gene family reconstruction. Results We built an automated pipeline named CAARS to combine novel data from RNA-Seq experiments with existing multi-species gene family alignments. RNA-Seq reads are assembled into transcripts by both de novo and assisted assemblies. Then, CAARS incorporates transcripts into gene families, builds gene alignments and trees and uses phylogenetic information to classify the genes as orthologs and paralogs of existing genes. We used CAARS to assemble and annotate RNA-Seq data in rodents and fishes using distantly related genomes as reference, a difficult case for this kind of analysis. We showed CAARS assemblies are more complete and accurate than those assembled by a standard pipeline consisting of de novo assembly coupled with annotation by sequence similarity on a guide species. In addition to annotated transcripts, CAARS provides gene family alignments and trees, annotated with orthology relationships, directly usable for downstream comparative analyses. Availability and implementation CAARS is implemented in Python and Ocaml and is freely available at https://github.com/carinerey/caars. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

West Cork and North Tipperary

West Cork was an outstanding and clear-cut version of the wider Irish experience, before and after the Famine. North Tipperary was not the most famine-ravaged part of Ireland, but it became the most turbulent. By the 1830s, Ireland was already becoming a primary supplier of emigrants to the great and insatiable needs of the United States. Emigration from south-west Ireland in the decades between 1770 and 1830 followed a clear sequence in the rural transformation. First came the amassment of population without any appreciable relief by migration. Much more significant was the emigration of Richard Talbot in 1818 from Tipperary to Upper Canada. T.J Elliott discovers the pathways and passages to America of the Protestant emigrants: using methods of family reconstruction and historical biography, he connects both ends of the ‘migration corridors’.

Children in crisis speak out

This chapter illustrates the way children and young people experience parental separation using verbatim extracts from a multidisciplinary Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) research study that the author took part with colleagues at Cardiff University. The study was just one of a number of other researches around the turn of the century that sought to examine children's experiences of divorce and family reconstruction. These reflected a cultural shift across the Western world that is a reaction against the traditional highly paternalistic view of childhood. The extracts selected broadly follow the children's reactions to key stages in the deterioration of their parents' relationship before, during and after the divorce.