Identity of Roma women and processes of international and transitional justice

Among the women involved in international legal environments, there are women who are administrators of justice, and women who remain as recipients, consumers or petitioners of justice. The question of identity, be it national, cultural, ethnic, religious or otherwise may become crucial when positioning human beings in one side of justice or another. This article seeks to analyse the formation of identities and the characteristics of Roma women’s identity and specifically their roles in international justice together with some actual European political stances towards the Roma peoples. Part of the study will take into account the sequence of processes that take place from the appointment of international judges to the resolutions of the United Nations Security Council, and that lead to the granting of a certain place for women in the transitional/international justice scene. Nevertheless, there are also groups of women who hardly participate in the international legal scene and, although their role has historically been, and still is, reduced to being victims, their possibilities of action in the field justice are extraordinarily limited. This is the case of Roma women in Europe.

Age, Attitudes to Aging, and Identity in Older Canadian Women

The life course perspective emphasizes social structure, personal agency, and their interdependencies (Settersten et al., 2020), serving as the theoretical framework for this study. Given stereotypical societal views of gender and aging (e.g., Sontag, 1979), physical aging is often the focus when examining women’s aging attitudes and concomitant changes in a sense of personal identity. Additionally, studies of midlife women have found relationships between age and identity (e.g., Stewart et al., 2001). Using quantitative and qualitative data, the present study examines associations between age, personal identity, and attitudes to physical, psychological and social aging in older Canadian women (N = 190, Mage = 70.38). Results show that while attitudes to physical aging contribute to identity maintenance, attitudes to social and psychological aging are also important for older women’s identity maintenance. Interactions between age and attitudes to aging associated with personal identity are discussed with reference to the life course perspective.

Following a straight path? The social locations and sexual identity trajectories of emerging adult women

The sexual identities of today's young women are more fluid and less consistently heterosexual than those of their predecessors – a trend that can be attributed to shifts in the socio-cultural context over time. However, this cannot explain within-cohort differences in women's identity trajectories. In this article, I draw from critical heterosexuality studies and test how young women's social locations are associated with their propensities to change towards or away from claiming a straight identity. Consistent with expectations, I find that women who occupy a position on the sexual landscape characterised by lower levels of heteronormativity, or who indicate a willingness to break with heteronormative expectations in the future, are more likely to change away from claiming a straight identity over time. My findings suggest that heteronormative ideology continues to structure women's lives to degrees that vary according to their social locations.

Quest for Female's Identity in Tiwari's Prashnaharuko Kārkhānā

Sarita Tiwari (2015) in her collection of poems, Prashnaharuko Kārkhānā [Factory of Questions] protests the tradition of wearing ornaments and cosmetics by women. Likewise, she rejects the use of submissive symbols and metaphors that have been used by the creative writers to define women. She identifies them as ploys that patriarchy has invented to maintain the subordination and subjugation of women to men. She argues that these techniques mystify and blur women's identity, so she questions and challenges them. Thus, this article analyzes five poems from the anthology to examine how the poet protests the traditional norms and values of patriarchy that define women as secondary to men and search for female's identity through them. To examine the quest for female's identity in her poetry, this article takes theoretical support from feminist critics like Mary Daly, Kate Millet, Naomi Wolf and others. These critics believe that patriarchy uses different types of myths to maintain women's secondary position in the society. The article concludes that in the quest for female's identity independent of men, Tiwari protests the tradition and culture that emphasize women's beauty and their submissive roles in the society. Through their interrogating tone and syntax, the selected poems challenge patriarchal norms which have been imposed upon women to erase their identity. The study helps to understand how patriarchy manipulates the myths of religion and beauty to maintain males’ supremacy over females.

Hubungan antara Sampul dan Isi Novel Raumanen: Kajian Sastra Bandingan

Sudah hampir lima puluh tahun usianya, Raumanen karya Marianne Katoppo yang ditulis pada 1975 nyatanya masih eksis hingga sekarang. Bahkan, pada 2018 ia baru saja diterbitkan ulang oleh penerbit besar Grasindo. Terbitan terbarunya dihiasi dengan desain sampul yang cantik dan menyenangkan berbanding terbalik dengan kisahnya yang pahit dan pedih. Tulisan ini melihat bagaimana perempuan tahun 1960-an direpresentasikan kembali melalui sampul barunya yang bergaya khas melenial. Konten novel Raumanen dikaji dengan teori representasi dan ditemukan bahwa, novel tersebut merepresentasikan perempuan kalah. Sampulnya dikaji dengan teori semiotika Peirce dan ditemukan bahwa, sampul turut merepresentasikan perempuan yang kalah, melalui visualisasi kematian tokoh perempuan. Dengan demikian kedua korpus tersebut memiliki hubungan yang saling menguatkan suatu representasi identitas perempuan dalam Raumanen.It’s almost fifty years old, Marianne Katoppo's novel titled Raumanen that written in 1975 is still in existence today. Even it had just been republished by the major Grasindo publisher at 2018. Its latest version is adorned with a beautiful and pleasing cover design, that opposed to its bitter and poignant story. This paper examines how women in 1960s are represented again through the new millennial-stylized cover. Raumanen's content was studied with Stuart Hall’s representation theory and it was found that the novel represented a woman who lost. On the other hand, Raumanen's cover was studied with Peirce's semiotic theory and it was found that the cover also represented a woman who lost, through the visualization of a female character’s death. Thus the two corpuses have a mutually reinforcing relationship to represent women's identity in Raumanen.

Animosity towards Women in Eudora Welty's Literary Canon

The paper investigates Eudora Welty’s concept of animosity towards women in her fiction. Her novels and short stories portray rape, sexual exhibitionism, sexual threats and brutality as inhuman experiences that sarcastically result in a vicious conversion of indignity and humiliation to the female sufferer instead of the male perpetrators. Welty suggests that this context creates a sense of intolerance which acts as a destroyer of women’s identity and sense of self. In this paper, the researchers attempt to reveal the mechanisms that subvert women’s sense of identity in a world usually controlled by men. Welty’s vision, in this sense, is that the social consciousness of the woman does not only evolve from the personal consciousness, but also intricately interacts with it. Welty’s works that are central to this study include Delta Wedding, The Robber Bridegroom, and the short fiction, including The Whole World Knows and Sir Rabbit.