Effects of Metals from Oil to Polluted Soil

Oil pollution of extraction areas is an undesirable phenomenon, but very present, es-pecially in old farms. In the context in which the depollution of these areas, in Roma-nia, is carried out from public funds, this fact is more and more difficult to achieve. That is why the effect of pollutants on the environment is being analyzed more and more, it often remains that the depollution is done naturally. This material analyzes the effect of metals present in crude oil (Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag, Ni, Mn, As, Cd, V, Cr, S), on the soil affected by a historical accidental pollution in the Moinesti area, Romania. This article presents the results of analyzes performed by metal detection techniques, namely optical emission spectrophotometry with inductive coupled plasma and atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The metals determined in the polluted soil were statis-tically analyzed regarding the dispersion, standard deviation and coefficient of varia-tion compared to the control sample and compared with the results from two areas in Romania. The risk of exploitation of polluted areas was also analyzed, namely the method of pollution indices and the method of combining the effects of pollutants

THE CATCHMENT BASIN CRITERION FOR THE ORGANIZATION OF THE NATURAL FRAME OF THE SUBURBAN TERRITORY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF MINSK)

The catchment basin differentiation of the suburban territory of Minsk has been performed. The catchments of reservoirs used for the city's water supply and recreation of urban dwellers have been identified as a priority for water protection measures. The landscape-ecological conditions of the identified basins, which determine the specificity of pollution of the rivers on which the reservoirs are built, have been evaluated. The differences in the economic development of the basins are revealed. The predominant importance of agriculture as a source of water pollution has been established. An assessment of the chemical pollution of reservoir waters with biogenic substances and their ranking according to its intensity was carried out, according to which they are combined into three groups, including reservoirs with periodic pollution (frequency of exceeding the MPC – 10–30 %), reservoirs with non-accidental pollution (30–50 %) and reservoirs with stable pollution (50 %). Comparison of the intensity of pollution of reservoirs with the forest cover of their drainage basins is carried out. It showed no relationship between them. On this basis, the need was identified for the widespread adoption of additional measures to form the natural frameworks of the basins, including those with high forest cover.

Analysis of the migration of a pollutant in the soil structure

This paper presents a study on the migration into a soil structure of a pollutant, a liquid petroleum product. Accidental pollution with a liquid petroleum product can also be considered to crack a transport pipeline. This leads to the displacement of the pollutant in the soil structure, both horizontally and vertically. The study presents an analysis of the migration velocity in the soil structure, with certain physical properties, of both the soil and the pollutant petroleum product. The penetration of petroleum products to a certain depth in soil is influenced by its humidity, grain size and density, pollution intensity, viscosity and pollutant density. It was possible to calculate for the first time at the experimental laboratory level the depth of penetration of the pollutant.

Environmental risks of accidental pollution during oil spills at water transport

The paper is devoted to the problem of protecting the environment from accidental environmental pollution from oil spills. Protection against this type of pollution is provided by a set of organizational measures and technical means that are aimed at preventing the occurrence of an accidental spill, stopping the flow of oil into the environment, eliminating the spill and eliminating its consequences. The development basis for a complex of protective measures in the form of a system including organizational measures and technical means was determined. This complex includes an operational procedure, the implementation of which provides effective protection against accidental pollution. The environmental risk assessment algorithm for emergency pollution of the environment during oil spills includes forming technical device groups for each technical object intended for moving oil. For each group, the environmental risk assessment is carried out by determining possible damage and the probability of an accidental spill, the causes of accidental spills are analyzed as well.