ABOUT THE APPLICATION OF THE ANALYTICAL AMPLIFICATION METHOD IN THE THERAPY OF A PATIENT WITH BORDERLINE MENTAL DISORDER BASED ON THE FAIRY TALE «GO THERE — I DON'T KNOW WHERE, BRING THAT — I DON'T KNOW WHAT»

В данной статье описан фрагмент психотерапевтической работы в парадигме юнгианского анализа с использованием метода амплификации с пациентом, имеющим пограничное расстройство психики. Амплификация — инструмент аналитической работы, введенный в практику К.Г. Юнгом, позволяющий исследовать и интерпретировать явные и скрытые психодинамические процессы через символический язык. По сути процесс амплификации — осмысление индивидуальной психической жизни индивида посредством использования коллективного опыта знаний: мифов, легенд, сказок и т.п. Современная психология, считал Юнг, так или иначе, имеет дело с продуктами бессознательной фантазии - мифологическими и сказочными мотивами, наиболее объективно отражающими динамику психической жизни. «Пользуясь методом мифологической амплификации, мы выбираем те или иные аналогии потому, что их смысловое ядро идентично содержанию исследуемых процессов или в каком-то отношении походит на него. Принимая в качестве данности, что все, когда-либо выраженное человеком в словесной или образной форме, обладает абсолютной психической реальностью, мы можем утверждать, что любая аналогия помогает уточнить, объяснить и подтвердить наше толкование мотивов бессознательных процессов» [4]. В случае с данным пациентом универсально подошла русская народная сказка «Пойди туда — не знаю куда, принеси то — не знаю что» [22]. Опираясь на исследования признанных авторов психоанализа и аналитической психологии, амплификацию этой сказки можно рассматривать как абрис мужского пути индивидуации, «синтетического процесса», описанного К.Г.Юнгом [12]. «Возможной целью, здоровым предназначением ассимилирующих процессов является путь индивидуации, подразумевающий самоосуществление, становление человека самим собой. Индивидуация от лат. in-dividuus означает «неделимый», «неразделенный», «неразведенный», «нерасщепленный» [19]. Индивидуация предполагает достижение психически нового интегрированного состояния, установление устойчивой связи между эго (осознаваемый идентифицированный образ «Я») и архетипом Самости (сложный центр психической жизни, соединяющий бессознательные и сознательные знания человека о себе самом и трансформирующий личность,). Амплификация данной сказки позволяет исследовать внутрипсихическое взаимодействие архетипической пары — маскулинного начала в сознательном поле мужчины и женского в его бессознательном — на разных этапах развития. Подобное взаимодействие отражает реальные отношения с противоположным полом, отзеркаливая внутреннюю/внешнюю мужскую/женскую часть личности. Также данная амплификация дает возможность предположить, что является основным фактором, «запускающим» процесс индивидуации у мужчин. This article describes a fragment of psychotherapeutic work in the paradigm of Jungian analysis using the amplification method with a patient with borderline mental disorder. Amplification is a tool of analytical work introduced into practice by C.G. Jung, which allows to investigate and interpret explicit and hidden psychodynamic processes through symbolic language. In essence, the amplification process is the comprehension of an individual's individual mental life through the use of collective experience of knowledge: myths, legends, fairy tales, etc. «In myths and fairy tales, as in dreams, the soul tells its own story, and the interaction of archetypes is revealed in its natural frame: "creation, re-creation, eternal spirit eternal entertainment»[13]. In the case of this patient, the Russian folk tale «Go there — I don't know where, bring that — I don't know what» was universally suitable [22]. Based on the research of recognized authors of psychoanalysis and analytical psychology, the amplification of this fairy tale can be considered as an outline of the male path of individuation, a «synthetic process» described by C.G. Jung[12]. «A possible goal, a healthy purpose of assimilating processes is the path of individuation, implying self-fulfillment, becoming a person himself. Individuation from Lat. in-dividuus means «indivisible», «undivided» [19]. Individuation presupposes the achievement of a psychically new integrated state, the establishment of a stable connection between the ego (a conscious identified image of the «I») and the archetype of the Self (a complex center of mental life that connects the unconscious and conscious knowledge of a person about himself and transforms the personality). The amplification of this fairy tale allows us to explore the intrapsychic interaction of the archetypal pair — the masculine principle in the conscious field of a man and the female in his unconscious — at different stages of development. Such interaction reflects a real relationship with the opposite sex, mirroring the inner/outer male/female part of the personality. Also, this amplification makes it possible to assume that it is the main factor «triggering» the process of individuation in men.

Benchmarking functional connectivity by the structure and geometry of the human brain

The brain’s structural connectivity supports the propagation of electrical impulses, manifesting as patterns of co-activation, termed functional connectivity. Functional connectivity emerges from the underlying sparse structural connections, particularly through poly-synaptic communication. As a result, functional connections between brain regions without direct structural links are numerous, but their organization is not completely understood. Here we investigate the organization of functional connections without direct structural links. We develop a simple, data-driven method to benchmark functional connections with respect to their underlying structural and geometric embedding. We then use this method to re-weigh and re-express functional connectivity. We find evidence of unexpectedly strong functional connectivity within the canonical intrinsic networks of the brain. We also find unexpectedly strong functional connectivity at the apex of the unimodal-transmodal hierarchy. Our results suggest that both phenomena – functional modules and functional hierarchies – emerge from functional interactions that transcend the underlying structure and geometry. These findings also potentially explain recent reports that structural and functional connectivity gradually diverge in transmodal cortex. Collectively, we show how structural connectivity and geometry can be used as a natural frame of reference with which to study functional connectivity patterns in the brain.

Ensuring the sustainable development of the city park-estate “Ostankino” in Moscow

Introduction. Providing the natural frame of the city as a sustainable system of landscaping and water areas in the urban environment is one of the tasks aimed at preserving the natural frame of the urban environment. The article focuses on the influence of the recreational load on the natural-anthropogenic territorial complex (PATC) located in the North-Eastern administrative region of Moscow. To ensure sustainable development of natural areas, the ability of the components of the natural environment to self-heal under conditions of anthropogenic impact is of particular importance. Taking into account the increase in residential and industrial areas located in close proximity to natural zones, the anthropogenic impact on natural complexes is increasing. First of all, this affects the recreational areas of park zones, where the potential recreational load begins to exceed the stan­dardized and causes degradation of green spaces and disruption of the urban ecosystem. Recreational load affects the state of the natural complex of the city, and its value is determined by the planning structure of urban development. While ensuring the safety of city parks, it becomes necessary to work with complete and reliable information, which can only be obtained through research. The practical aspect of scientific research, considered in the article, includes the results of the analysis of the impact of anthropogenic load on the natural-anthropogenic territorial complex of the park - the estate “Ostankino”. Materials and methods. The paper uses various attributive information collected from open sources and based on the results of field work by the authors, legal documents, and various cartographic materials. The calculation of potential visitors was carried out by a simple calculation method, followed by the use of the Microsoft Office Excel software product to compile the time dependencies of the visit. Results. On the basis of the conducted research, the excess of the normative value of the recreational load of the territory of the Ostankino estate park in Moscow was revealed and graphs of the dependence of the visit on the time intervals were constructed. Conclusions. The increased rate of population inflow and environmental pollution leads to the transformation of the ecological framework of the city.

About the Use of Generalized Forms of Derivatives in the Study of Electromagnetic Problems

The use of non-local operators, defining Riemann–Liouville or Caputo derivatives, is a very useful tool to study problems involving non-conventional diffusion problems. The case of electric circuits, ruled by non-integer derivatives or capacitors with fractional dielectric permittivity, is a fairly natural frame of relevant applications. We use techniques, involving generalized exponential operators, to obtain suitable solutions for this type of problems and eventually discuss specific problems in applications.

THE CATCHMENT BASIN CRITERION FOR THE ORGANIZATION OF THE NATURAL FRAME OF THE SUBURBAN TERRITORY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF MINSK)

The catchment basin differentiation of the suburban territory of Minsk has been performed. The catchments of reservoirs used for the city's water supply and recreation of urban dwellers have been identified as a priority for water protection measures. The landscape-ecological conditions of the identified basins, which determine the specificity of pollution of the rivers on which the reservoirs are built, have been evaluated. The differences in the economic development of the basins are revealed. The predominant importance of agriculture as a source of water pollution has been established. An assessment of the chemical pollution of reservoir waters with biogenic substances and their ranking according to its intensity was carried out, according to which they are combined into three groups, including reservoirs with periodic pollution (frequency of exceeding the MPC – 10–30 %), reservoirs with non-accidental pollution (30–50 %) and reservoirs with stable pollution (50 %). Comparison of the intensity of pollution of reservoirs with the forest cover of their drainage basins is carried out. It showed no relationship between them. On this basis, the need was identified for the widespread adoption of additional measures to form the natural frameworks of the basins, including those with high forest cover.

Adaptive landscape systems for natural frame in Voronezh

The substantiation of an adaptive planting system for the natural frame of Voronezh is presented. A forest-park green belt has been identified, the components of which make up a single natural ecological system. It is indicated that the oak forests of the urban district of Voronezh occupy an area of 4500 hectares. Using the indicators of the normal head water level, average width, average depth, length of the coastline, regulation coefficient, the morphometric characteristics and standard head water levels of the Voronezh reservoir were determined. On the basis of functional zoning in the Voronezh reservoir, three zones are identified and their characteristics are given. It was identified that the forest cover of the Central Chernozem region is 9 %, which is lower than the normative indicators of forest cover for creating the natural frame in Voronezh. It is shown that the scientific objects of the Educational and Experimental Forestry Enterprise of the Voronezh State Forestry University (VGLTU) for the creation of forest cultures of the main forest-forming species in the Central Chernozem Region confirm the concept of creating adaptive landscaping systems for the natural frame of the city of Voronezh. 140 species in the genus of birch have been identified, which can be used for adaptive landscaping systems in the area under consideration. The stated description of the Great Voronezh Ecological Trail (BVET) along the entire route, characterized by the presence of unique natural landscape, botanical, geological, garden and park objects. An upward trend in the indicator of recreation of adaptive landscaping systems from 31,904.3 hectares was recorded up to 32421.2 hectares in 2020. It is noted that the climatic and natural conditions of this territory are favorable for growing an expanded range of tree species and shrubs, primarily the main forest-forming species.

Nosodes and Their Indications in Homoeopathy

In homoeopathy, the choice of remedy is based on a consideration of the totality of an individual's symptoms and circumstances, including personality, behaviours, fears, responses to the physical environment, food preferences and so on. Dr. Hahnemann gives a fair idea on the importance of the constitution in Aphorism 5 of Organon of Medicine, wherein he sates “Useful to the physician in assisting him to cure are the particulars of the most probable exciting cause of the acute disease, as also the most significant points in the whole history of the chronic disease, to enable him to discover its fundamental cause, which is generally due to a chronic Miasms. In these investigations, the ascertainable physical constitution of the patient (and intellectual character, his occupation, mode of living and habits, his social and domestic relations, his age, sexual function, etc., are to be taken into consideration. He mainly refers constitution to the inherent in the natural frame, or inherent nature of the individual. Hahnemann reviewed the use of miasms as homoeopathic remedies and pointed out that what Hering was suggesting was not the same old isopathic methods because the material used was potentised by the homoeopathic technique and given in minimal dose. This changes an ordinary isopathic substance into a homoeopathic remedy if used properly.

Models and functioning «alive geofilters» based on the geoecological framework

The territory and its natural frame are the arena of all chemical, biological, technical interactions and processes, and the wind and rain are their natural propellers. The cartographic image of space, as an integral indicator of processes, phenomena, carries the function of a guide mark in the basis of control and regulation of durability and protection of structures in the natural frame. This article presents the results of a city life support system simulation in the light of the concept of forecasting and managing the risk of the danger of air pollution, including in the practice of anti-corrosion protection. Monitoring of the surveillance and control system grows into the life support system of the territory. “Technologies at a glance” provide: an assessment of the fields and halos of danger from air pollution (real and predicted state maps), modeling “alive geofilters”, namely, purification methods, preventive protection measures, formation of city breeze corridors or wind tunnels.

Using GIS for mapping the Great Eurasian Natural Backbone

The article presents the results of the first two stages of the project on the assessment and mapping changes in the state of the Great Eurasian Natural Tract (GEANT) as a factor of global environmental stability and a source of ecosystem services carried out in the Laboratory for Biogeography of the Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences. We consider biomes or their integrated parts as units of ecosystem cover. An assessment of the state of the natural frame within each biome is given by a combination of losses in size and phytomass of natural ecosystems. GIS analysis of remote sensing data of the study area is carried out basing the concept of actual biogeography. Field verification is carried out by the method of rapid long-distance observations, which allows collecting data on large territories with an accuracy sufficient for the project. Key natural areas are mapped by summarizing data on specially protected and other natural areas for which their high conservation value is showed. The space between the key areas is considered as connecting areas (“corridors”), from which settlements, mining areas and other transformed landscapes are excluded. GEANT is mapped as an integrated biome complex from Fennoscandia to the Pacific. Several biomes are included in the southern edge of the GEANT in only a small part. We identified biomes the most changed as a result of mining, logging, and fires. Biomes are noted with the most significant spread to the north of woody-shrubby vegetation and a rose up of the upper border of the forest distribution. By contrary, in the south of Primorye the lower border of the primary forest distribution rose up because of frequent fires. The strategic principles of the territorial conservation are formulated for biomes depending on the stage of digression of the natural frame. A basis has established for the quantification of GEANT ecosystem services at the final stage of work.