Excision of Colloid Cyst through Interhemispheric, Transcallosal, Transcavum, Interfornicial Approach

Colloid cysts (CC) occur predominantly in the midline with majority involving roof of the third ventricle. In cases of cavum septum pellucidum (CSP), the surgeon can lose orientation when normal intraventricular structures are not encountered during surgery. We report a patient with CSP, who underwent right frontal parasagittal craniotomy, interhemispheric, transcallosal approach to reach the lesion. Lesion may not be seen in its usual location of foramen of Monroe, and entering the cavum may be confusing because no intraventricular landmarks will be seen. Excision of the cyst through the cavum usually requires interfornicial approach, and this structure must be separated gently to avoid injury.

Heterotopic gastric mucosa in the gallbladder—a rare find

It is universally known and accepted that the development of a certain type of tissue outside its usual location, like in the gastrointestinal tract, can occur. This is a relatively common situation in the upper region of the gastrointestinal tract. However, the development of gastric mucosa in the gallbladder is a rare find. The following is the case of a 22-year-old male with an 18 mm gallbladder polyp, who electively underwent a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, having been diagnosed at a histopathological level with heterotopic gastric mucosa in the gallbladder. This brief article also aims to provide a reflection on the possible evolution of neoplasms from this histological change, based on the doubts raised in literature.

Plexiform Schwannoma Masquerading as Giant Cell Tumor of Tendon Sheath- A Case Report

Plexiform schwannoma is a rare benign variant of Schwann cell tumor characterised by multinodular plexiform growth pattern. Usual location of this tumor includes trunk, head, neck and upper extremities but it may rarely be found in lower extremities. It generally affects young adults with no sex predilection. We report a case of 37 years old male who presented with gradually progressive swelling of right little finger of 28years duration that was diagnosed as giant cell tumor of tendon sheath clinically, radiologically and intraoperatively. Authors wish to discuss the case due to its clinical rarity and diagnostic difficulties due to many common histological mimickers at that site.

There is more to contextual cuing than meets the eye: Improving visual search without attentional guidance towards predictable target locations

It is usually easier to find objects in a visual scene as we gain familiarity with it. Two decades of research on contextual cuing of visual search show that repeated exposure to a search display can facilitate the detection of targets that appear at predictable locations in that display. Typical accounts for this effect attribute an essential role to learned associations between the target and other stimuli in the search display. These associations improve visual search either by driving attention towards the usual location of the target or by facilitating its recognition. Contrary to this view, we show that a robust contextual cuing effect can also be observed when repeated search displays do not allow the location of the target to be predicted. These results suggest that, in addition to the mechanisms already explored by previous research, participants learn to ignore the locations usually occupied by distractors, which in turn facilitates the detection of targets even when they appear in unpredictable locations.

The fight with the dragon in “The Prince Archilabon’s Story”: literary sources, folk tradition and its modernization

This paper is concerned with reconstructing the reader’s experience of P. S. Orlov, which influenced his plan for The Prince Archilabon’s Story (1750), and analyzing the plot about fighting the dragon in this fiction in the aspect of modernization and resemantization of epic motifs. In episodes of the hero’s fight with the dragon and the adventures with the lions, the direct sources of the Story are the works of old tradition close to folklore forms – The Yeruslan Lazarevich’s Tale, The Brunzwick’s Tale, The Bova Prince’s Tale. Several details indicate that the author was familiar with the living epic tradition. The ethos of the protagonist and his horse in the episode of the heroic deed (the Dragon-Slayer) was rethought in P. S. Orlov’s Story. Unlike the epic model, the hero is encouraged to exploit the horse, the horse itself appears first as an instrument of providence, then as a comrade-in-arms subordinate to the hero, without anthropomorphic features, but spiritually connected with the owner. The epic opponent (dragon) retains external attributes in the Story (locus of habitat, appearance, course of the battle), in the course of the story, loses its chthonic essence (enemy and sink) and turns into the giver and potential assistant of the protagonist. After changing their usual location in the composition, separate epic motifs lose their initial semantics, while another group of epic motifs (falling a horse to its knees, driving a horse into the ground) is reinterpreted or gets an additional explanation.

Episiotomy site endometriosis: a rare case report

Endometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrial tissue apart from its usual location. Scar endometriosis is an infrequent type of extra pelvic endometriosis. Viable decidual endometrial cells are likely to be transplanted in the episiotomy wounds during normal delivery and subsequent growth may occur. We present here a case of 22 year old female with perineal endometriosis at the episiotomy site. The clinical, operative and pathological findings are reported.

A rare case of hydrocele in a female

Vulval swellings have always been a case of a difficult and a puzzling situation and more so when they are huge in size. Vulvar swellings are of various types such as Bartholin cyst, sebaceous cyst, cyst of canal of nuck, inguino-labial hernia and vulval varicosities. Most common vulvar cysts are epidermal inclusion cysts. Usual location is beneath the epidermis. An alternative histogenesis is embryonic remnants or occlusion of pilosebaceous ducts of sweat glands. Cutaneous cysts which are lined by ciliated epithelium are very rare, and authors present a rare case of a cyst arising from a left labium majus resembling a hydrocele seen in males with histopathology suggestive of ciliated cyst of the vulva.

Radiographic position of the mental foramen

Background: The location of the mental foramen is important for dental surgeons. Variations in its locations can be a cause of complications during local anesthesia or surgical procedures which involving mandible. The usual location of the mental foramen in an Indian population has not been previously reported.Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the most common location of the mental foramen in an Indian population.Materials and Methods: 260 panoramic radiographs were evaluated with regard to the location and symmetry of the mental foramina in male and female subjects.Results: We found that the mental foramen was located between the first and second premolars in 20% , in line with the second premolar in 61%, between the second premolar and mesial root of first molar 3.8%, In the line of mesial root of first molar 5.3% and distal to mesial root of first molar 0.3%. It was symmetrical in 59 %.Conclusions: This study emphasis that the most common location of mental foramen is in the line of second premolar followed by between the two premolars. The clinician should asses the location of mental foramen before any surgical intervention involving mandible.

Documenta 14: What can we still learn from art?

Under praise and many controversies, documenta 14, with Polish Adam Szymczyk as its art director, was marked by a strong curatorial discourse. Divided between its usual location in the German city of Kassel and the capital of Greece, the great show used the motto “Learning from Athens” to present a political approach that debated complex discussions of contemporaneity while questioning historical narratives on art.

Retroesophageal Infracardiac Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Drainage

This case report describes the management of a term baby, born cyanotic, who was preoperatively diagnosed to have an obstructed total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage (TAPVD) in association with a functionally univentricular heart. An urgent repair of the anomalous pulmonary venous drainage was done, and a modified Blalock-Taussig shunt was constructed. Intraoperative difficulties were encountered when the pulmonary venous confluence was not seen in the usual location in the posterior mediastinal space, anterior to the esophagus. This report describes the rare finding of infracardiac TAPVD that is located in the retroesophageal space.