Characterisation of soil phosphorus forms in the soil-plant system using radioisotopic tracer method

Soil incubation and pot experiments were conducted to follow the sorption processes of added phosphorus (P) fertiliser using the radioisotope tracer technique. Increasing doses of P fertiliser (40, 80, 160, 320 mg P/kg soil) were added to Chernozem and Arenosol and incubated for 1, 3, and 13 weeks. After incubation, perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) was sown in one group of pots, and the experiment had been continuing for another 9 weeks. The yield, grass P uptake, isotopically exchangeable (PIE), water-soluble (PW), and ammonium lactate soluble phosphorus (PAL) fractions of soils were measured. On Chernozem, plant P uptake, PIE, PW and PAL were significantly less in the case of the longest incubation period compared to shorter incubations. This suggests a transformation of P into tightly sorbed form. On Arenosol, there were only small changes in the parameters as the incubation period increased, suggesting less intense P transformation to tightly sorbed form. The PW/PIE ratio enhanced with increasing P-doses, and the ratios were higher on Arenosol. On Arenosol, the higher P doses caused a greater increase of PW than on Chernozem. The PIE + PW showed a good correlation with plant P uptake proving this value can be a good indicator of plant-available phosphorus.

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Soil phosphorus bioavailability as influenced by long-term management and applied phosphorus source

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.1139/cjss-2018-0075 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 99 (3) ◽

pp. 292-304

Author(s):

Tandra D. Fraser ◽

Derek H. Lynch ◽

Ivan P. O’Halloran ◽

R. Paul Voroney ◽

Martin H. Entz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Management Practices ◽

Soil Phosphorus ◽

P Uptake ◽

Italian Ryegrass ◽

P Availability ◽

P Fractionation ◽

Soil P ◽

Plant P Uptake ◽

Term Management

Soil phosphorus (P) availability may be impacted by management practices, thereby affecting plant P uptake and plant response to P amendments. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of long-term management on soil P pools and to assess the response of P bioavailability, plant growth, and P uptake to mineral versus manure P treatments. Soils were collected from plots under organic (ORG), organic with composted manure (ORG + M), conventional (CONV), and restored prairie (PRA) management. Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) seedlings were grown in the greenhouse for 106 d in soils amended with various rates of manure or mineral P. The ORG soil had lower concentrations of labile P (resin-P and NaHCO3-P) compared with the CONV and PRA soils, as determined by sequential P fractionation prior to planting. Ryegrass biomass (root + shoot) and shoot P uptake from soils receiving no P were significantly lower for the ORG than all other management systems. Although apparent P use efficiency of the whole plant was increased by low P rate in the ORG management system, the source of applied P, manure > mineral, only influenced Olsen test P.

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Response by sugar beet to superphosphate, particularly in relation to soils containing little available phosphorus

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600065138 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 86 (1) ◽

pp. 181-187 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. P. Draycott ◽

M. J. Durrant

Keyword(s):

Sugar Beet ◽

Soil Phosphorus ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

P Uptake ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Triple Superphosphate ◽

Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽

Average Yield ◽

Soil P ◽

The Cost

SUMMARYTwenty experiments between 1970 and 1974 tested the effect of five amounts of triple superphosphate (0–110 kg P/ha) on sugar-beet yield in fields where soil contained little sodium bicarbonate-soluble phosphorus. The average yield without phosphorus fertilizer was 6·69 t/ha sugar and the increase from the optimum dressing 0·46 t/ha; the average soil concentration was 12 mg P/l. The fertilizer increased yield by 0·77 t/ha sugar on fields with 0–9 mg/l soil phosphorus, by 0·31 t/ha when soil phosphorus was 10–15 mg/l and had little effect on soils containing larger amounts.The concentration of phosphorus in plants harvested in mid-summer contained on average 0·29% P in dried tops and 0·13% in roots when given no phosphorus fertilizer, representing a total of 19·3 kg/ha P uptake. Giving superphosphate increased the phosphorus in both dried tops and roots by up to 0·03% and there was 3·7 and 1·7 kg/ha more phosphorus in tops and roots respectively. On the most responsive fields (0–9 mg/l soil P), the fertilizer increased the phosphorus in tops and roots by 0·05% and total uptake by 7 kg P/ha. The increase in uptake (or recovery) of fertilizer varied from 15% when 14 kg P/ha was given to less than 5% when 110 kg P/ha was used.A dressing of 27 kg P/ha was adequate for maximum yield on 19 of the 20 fields. When fields were grouped, 0–9, 10–15, 16–25 and > 26 mg/l NaHCO3-soluble soil phosphorus, and taking into account the value of the increased sugar yield, the cost of the fertilizer and its residual value, 60, 30, 20 and 10 kg P/ha respectively were the most profitable dressings. These experiments provide evidence, however, that the fertilizer would be used more efficiently if fields containing 0–9 mg soil phosphorus were subdivided into those with 0–4·5 and those with 4·6–9·0 mg/l and the groups given 80 and 40 kg P/ha respectively. These recommendations are substantially less than those used at present; they are adequate for sugar beet but other crops in the rotation would need similar close examination to ensure maximum yield and maintain adequate soil reserves of phosphorus.

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The Impact of Biofertilizers and NPK Fertilizers Application on Soil Phosphorus Availability and Yield of Upland Rice in Tropic Dry Land

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202123203012 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 232 ◽

pp. 03012

Author(s):

B.N. Fitriatin ◽

V.F. Dewi ◽

A. Yuniarti

Keyword(s):

Upland Rice ◽

Soil Phosphorus ◽

Block Design ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

P Uptake ◽

Phosphorus Availability ◽

Dry Land ◽

Plant P Uptake ◽

Nutrients Availability ◽

The Impact

Dry land in Indonesia is dominated by marginal soil which have low macro nutrient content, low organic matter content and low soil microbial activity. Improving soil quality it is necessary to increase nutrients availability such as biofertilizers application. Biofertilizers contains beneficial microbial inoculants to increase soil nutrient availability. The use of biofertilizers combined with NPK fertilizer will increase macro nutrients availability and optimize plant growth, thus will increase fertilizers efficiency. This experiment was carried out to study the impact of biofertilizers on available-P, plant P-uptake and yield of upland rice at Land Research of Agriculture Faculty, Universitas Padjadjaran. This experiment used a randomized block design consisting of ten treatments and three replications The treatments consisted with two doses of biofertilizers (50 kg ha-1 and 75 kg ha-1) and three doses of N,P,K fertilizers (100%, 75%, and 50% from recommended doses). Biofertilizers contains N-fixing bacteria and phosphate solubilizing microbes. The result of experiment showed that application of biofertilizers 75 kg ha-1 and biofertilizers 50 kg ha-1 + N, P, K 50% increased soil phosphorus availability. The application of biofertilizers increased P-uptake up to 81%. Futhermore, biofertilizers 75 kg ha-1 + N, P, K 75% increased the yield of upland rice by 164%.

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Four soil phosphorus (P) tests evaluated by plant P uptake and P balancing in the Ultuna long-term field experiment

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/313/2018-pse ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 64 (No. 9) ◽

pp. 441-447 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jarosch Klaus A ◽

Santner Jakob ◽

Parvage Mohammed Masud ◽

Gerzabek Martin Hubert ◽

Zehetner Franz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Phosphorus ◽

P Uptake ◽

P Availability ◽

Soil P ◽

Extractable P ◽

Plant P Uptake ◽

Soil P Tests ◽

Water Extractable ◽

Term Field

Soil phosphorus (P) availability was assessed with four different soil P tests on seven soils of the Ultuna long-term field experiment (Sweden). These four soil P tests were (1) P-H2O (water extractable P); (2) P-H2OC10 (water extractable P upon 10 consecutive extractions); (3) P-AL (ammonium lactate extractable P) and (4) P-CDGT (P desorbable using diffusive gradients in thin films). The suitability of these soil P tests to predict P availability was assessed by correlation with plant P uptake (mean of preceding 11 years) and soil P balancing (input vs. output on plot level for a period of 54 years). The ability to predict these parameters was in the order P-H2OC10 > P-CDGT > P-H2O > P-AL. Thus, methods considering the P-resupply from the soil solid phase to soil solution performed clearly better than equilibrium-based extractions. Our findings suggest that the P-AL test, commonly used for P-fertilizer recommendations in Sweden, could not predict plant P uptake and the soil P balance in a satisfying way in the analysed soils.

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The effect of combination of indigenous phosphate solubilizing bacteria of Riau, Indonesia on the available phosphorus and phosphorus uptake of soybean

Nusantara Bioscience ◽

10.13057/nusbiosci/n100303 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 146-150

Author(s):

LUFITANUR ALFIAH ◽

DELITA ZUL ◽

NELVIA NELVIA

Keyword(s):

Phosphatase Activity ◽

Soil Phosphorus ◽

Peat Soil ◽

Phosphorus Uptake ◽

P Uptake ◽

Available P ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Alkaline Soil ◽

Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria ◽

Phosphate Solubilizing

Alfiah L, Zul D, Nelvia N. 2018. The effect of combination of indigenous phosphate solubilizing bacteria of Riau, Indonesia on the available phosphorus and phosphorus uptake of soybean. Nusantara Bioscience 10: 146-150. Despite the abundant amount of phosphorus (P) in the soil, P uptake by the plants is very limited. In acidic soil, phosphorus (P) is bound to aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe), whereas in the alkaline soil, phosphorus (P) is bound to calcium (Ca). The improvement of efficiency and availability of P to plants can be made by utilizing a group of solubilizing phosphate microorganisms. Potency test to investigate the P solubility by Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) has been conducted by isolating the bacteria from peat soil at Biosphere Reserves of Giam Siak Kecil Bukit Batu, Riau, Indonesia. The semi-quantitative test revealed that the PSB were able to dissolve Ca3 (PO4)2, FePo4 and phosphate rock. However, the adaptation ability and potency of PSB from indigenous Riau peat soil inoculated into soybean (Glycine max L. Merr) plants in the mineral soil have not yet been investigated. The present study was carried out from March to June 2015 on the alluvial soil in Babussalam Village, Rambah Sub-district, Rokan Hulu District, Riau. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of PSB inoculation on bacterial population and phosphatase activity. The study also aimed to determine the available P and P uptake and their impact on soybean growth and production. The study employed a factorial experiment laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) consisted of two factors, i.e., soil treatment and PSB. The first factor comprised of two levels, i.e., T0: non-sterilized soil, T1: sterilized soil. The second factor consisted of 4 levels, i.e., B0: without PSB inoculation, B1: inoculation using 2 isolates of PSB (BB_UB6 and BB_K9), B2: inoculation using 3 isolates of PSB (BB_UB6, BB_K9 and BB_K2), and B3: inoculation using 4 isolates of PSB (BB_UB6, BB_K9, BB_K2, and BB_HS13). The results showed that inoculation of starter 3 had the highest phosphatase activity rate of 12.43 μg p NP g-1 hour-1. The highest available P was produced by starter 2, while the P uptake on non-sterilized soil was higher than that on the sterilized soil at 2.63 mg plant-1. PSB inoculation and soil sterilization did not significantly affect the population of phosphate solubilizing bacteria.

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Correlation of extractable soil phosphorus (P) with plant P uptake: 14 extraction methods applied to 50 agricultural soils from Central Europe

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/70/2018-pse ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 64 (No. 4) ◽

pp. 192-201 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Zehetner Franz ◽

Wuenscher Rosemarie ◽

Peticzka Robert ◽

Unterfrauner Hans

Keyword(s):

Soil Phosphorus ◽

Ammonium Oxalate ◽

Growing Season ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

P Uptake ◽

Anion Exchange Membranes ◽

Neutral Salt ◽

Salt Solutions ◽

Plant P Uptake ◽

Total P

The aim of this study was to test different soil phosphorus (P) extraction methods in relation to plant P uptake. A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted with spring wheat. The soils were extracted with the following methods/extractants: H2O, CaCl2, LiCl, iron oxide impregnated filter papers (Fe-oxide Pi), Olsen, calcium-acetate-lactate (CAL), cation and anion exchange membranes (CAEM), Mehlich 3, Bray and Kurtz II (Bray II), citrate-bicarbonate-dithionite, organic P, HCl, acid ammonium oxalate, total P. Plant P uptake was in the range of the P extracted by neutral salt solutions (CaCl2, LiCl). P extracted with H2O, CaCl2 and CAEM correlated best with plant P uptake over one growing season, while several established soil P test methods, including CAL, Mehlich 3 and Bray II, did not show significant correlations. When grouping the soils according to pH, the weaker extraction methods (H2O, CaCl2, LiCl) showed significant correlations with plant P uptake only for the low and intermediate pH groups (pH in 1 mol/L KCl ≤ 6.6), while some of the stronger extraction methods (CAL, Mehlich 3, Bray II, dithionite, oxalate, total P) showed significant correlations only for the high pH group (> 6.6) comprised of calcareous soils. It was concluded that weaker P extraction methods, especially neutral salt solutions best predict plant-available P in the short term. However, they do not perform well for calcareous (and clayey) soils and do not account for P that may become available beyond one growing season.

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Relative Suitability of Phosphorus Extraction Procedures for F Tropical Ferralsol

International Journal of Plant & Soil Science ◽

10.9734/ijpss/2020/v32i830315 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 27-35

Author(s):

J. S. Tenywa ◽

E. Odama ◽

A. K. Amoding

Keyword(s):

Soil Phosphorus ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

P Uptake ◽

Strong Positive Correlation ◽

Predictive Capacity ◽

Soil P ◽

Application Rates ◽

Plant P Uptake ◽

Phosphorus Extraction ◽

P Application

Purpose: To evaluate the predictive capacity common procedures for soil P extraction and testing in laboratories in the region. Materials and Methods: A pot study with treatments viz. soil phosphorus extraction methods (Bray I, Bray II and Mehlich 3), and six P application rates (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 kg P ha-1). Maize (Zea mays L.) variety Longe IV was the test crop. A Ferralsol from northwestern Uganda (West Nile) was used in this study. Results and Conclusion: Mehlich 3 correlated most with plant P uptake by presenting the highest correlation coefficient with plant P content (r = 0.254) and a number of leaves per plant (r = 0.733). A strong positive correlation existed between Bray I and Mehlich 3 extractable P values (r = 0.975), suggesting lack of a marked difference between them; implying that either of the two procedures could be applied for soil P extraction in Ferralsols. However, Mehlich 3, being a multi-nutrient extractant, was recommended as the most suitable for P extraction for the Ferralsol used in this study.

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A Dual Isotope Protocol to Separate the Contributions to Phosphorus Content of Maize Shoots and Soil Phosphorus Fractions from Biosolids, Fertilizer and Soil

Current Agriculture Research Journal ◽

10.12944/carj.6.3.02 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 236-242

Author(s):

JEAN DAVIS ◽

RICHARD J FLAVEL ◽

GRAEME BLAIR

Keyword(s):

Soil Phosphorus ◽

Application Rate ◽

P Uptake ◽

Soil P ◽

Dual Isotope ◽

Extractable P ◽

Plant P Uptake ◽

The Difference ◽

Biosolids Application ◽

Total P

Separation of the phosphorus (P) contributions from soil, fertilizer and biosolids to plants has not been possible without the aid of radioisotopes. Dual labelling of soil with 32P and fertilizer with 33P isotopes has been used to partition the sources of P in maize (Zea mays) shoots and in soil P pools. Biosolids containing 4.1% P that had been prepared using Fe and Al were applied to a Kurosol soil from Goulburn, NSW, Australia. The biosolids were applied at five rates up to 60 dry t/ha with and without P fertilizer. Phosphorus derived from fertilizer was determined directly with33 P and that from soil by32 P reverse dilution. Phosphorus derived from biosolids was estimated as the difference between total P and that derived from the soil plus fertilizer calculated from isotope data. Yield and P content of maize shoots increased linearly with the rate of biosolidsapplication. The proportion of P in the plant derived from biosolids also increased with application rate up to 88% for the soil receiving biosolids at 60 dry t/ha with no fertilizer. The corresponding value with fertilizer applied at 80 kg P/ha was 69%. The proportion of P in the maize shoots derived from soil and fertilizer decreased as biosolids application rate increased. Soil total P, bicarbonate extractable P, Al-P, Fe-P and Ca-P increased with biosolids application rate. The increase in plant P uptake and in bicarbonate extractable P in the soil shows that biosolids P provides a readily available source of P. A decrease in uptake of fertilizer and soil P with increasing biosolids application is attributed to the decrease in the proportion of P from these sources in the total pool of available P, rather than to immobilization of P by Fe and Al in the biosolids.

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Sorghum Root Epigenetic Landscape During Limiting Phosphorus Conditions

10.1101/2021.05.25.445633 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nicholas P Gladman ◽

Barbara Hufnagel ◽

Michael Regulski ◽

Zhigang Liu ◽

Xiaofei Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Phosphorus ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Primary Root ◽

Root Apex ◽

P Uptake ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

World Population ◽

Phosphorus Use Efficiency ◽

System Architectures ◽

Tissue Specific

Efficient acquisition and use of available phosphorus from the soil is crucial for plant growth, development, and yield. With an ever-increasing acreage of croplands with suboptimal available soil phosphorus, genetic improvement of sorghum germplasm for enhanced phosphorus acquisition from soil is crucial to increasing agricultural output and reducing inputs, while confronted with a growing world population and uncertain climate. Sorghum bicolor is a globally important commodity for food, fodder, and forage. Known for robust tolerance to heat, drought, and other abiotic stresses, its capacity for optimal phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) is still being investigated for optimized root system architectures (RSA). Whilst a few RSA-influencing genes have been identified in sorghum and other grasses, the epigenetic impact on expression and tissue-specific activation of candidate PUE genes remains elusive. Here, we present transcriptomic, epigenetic, and regulatory network profiling of RSA modulation in the BTx623 sorghum background in response to limiting phosphorus (LP) conditions. We show that during LP, sorghum RSA is remodeled to increase root length and surface area, likely enhancing its ability to acquire P. Global DNA 5-methylcytosine and H3K4 and H3K27 trimethylation levels decrease in response to LP, while H3K4me3 peaks and DNA hypomethylated regions contain recognition motifs of numerous developmental and nutrient responsive transcription factors that display disparate expression patterns between different root tissues (primary root apex, elongation zone, and lateral root apex). Suggesting that epigenetic shifts during growth on LP results in targeted gene expression in a tissue-specific manner that optimizes the RSA for improved P uptake.

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Testing of Commercial Inoculants to Enhance P Uptake and Grain Yield of Promiscuous Soybean in Kenya

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12093803 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 3803 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. Faye ◽

Z.P. Stewart ◽

K. Ndung’u-Magiroi ◽

M. Diouf ◽

I. Ndoye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biomass Production ◽

Soil Type ◽

Root Colonization ◽

P Uptake ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Promiscuous Soybean ◽

Leaf Chlorophyll ◽

Plant P Uptake ◽

Context Specific ◽

Commercial Inoculants

The aim of this study was to assess the potential of commercial mycorrhizal inoculants and a rhizobial inoculant to improve soybean yield in Kenya. A promiscuous soybean variety was grown in a greenhouse pot study with two representative soils amended with either water-soluble mineral P or rock P to assess product performance. The performance of selected mycorrhizal inoculants combined with a rhizobial inoculant (Legumefix) was then assessed with farmer groups in three agroecological zones using a small-plot, randomized complete block design to assess soybean root colonization by mycorrhiza, nodulation, and plant biomass production in comparison to rhizobial inoculant alone or with water-soluble mineral P. Greenhouse results showed highly significant root colonization by commercial mycorrhizal inoculant alone (p < 0.001) and in interaction with soil type (p < 0.0001) and P source (p < 0.0001). However, no significant effect was shown in plant P uptake, biomass production, or leaf chlorophyll index. In field conditions, the effects of mycorrhizal and rhizobial inoculants in combination or alone were highly context-specific and may induce either a significant increase or decrease in root mycorrhizal colonization and nodule formation. Mycorrhizal and rhizobial inoculants in combination or alone had limited effect on plant P uptake, biomass production, leaf chlorophyll index, and grain yield. Though some mycorrhizal inoculants induced significant root colonization by mycorrhizal inoculants, this did not lead to higher soybean yield, even in soils with limited P content. Our results are further evidence that inoculant type, soil type, and P source are critical factors to evaluate commercial inoculants on a context-specific basis. However, our results highlight the need for the identification of additional targeting criteria, as inoculant type, soil type, and P source alone were not enough to be predictive of the response. Without the identification of predictive criteria for improved targeting, the economic use of such inoculants will remain elusive.

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