Radioactive heat production characterization of Ar-Rassafeh Badyieh area (area-2), Syria by using aerial gamma ray spectrometric and fractal modeling techniques

Aerial gamma-ray spectrometric technique is used herein to evaluate the radioactive heat production (HP) of Ar-Rassafeh Badyieh Area (Area-2), Syria. The nine already established lithological scored units of Area-2 have been separately characterized for the heat production HP parameter. The Concentration-number (C-N) model and the log-log plots associated with fractal technique are proposed and applied as a new approach to map the measured equivalent uranium (eU), the equivalent thorium (eTh), and potassium (K%) and the computed heat production (HP) of Area-2. The HP of Area-2 varies between a minimum of 0.06 and a maximum of 4.28 ?w/m3 with an average of 0.548 ?w/m3 and a standard deviation of 0.27?w/m3. The highest observed HP values are related to the phosphatic environments represented by two lithological scored units A and B.

New Semi Quantitative Approach for Interpreting Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) Measurements by Using Fractal Modeling Technique, Case Study from Khanasser Valley, Northern Syria

Fractal modeling technique, with adapting the concentration-number (C-N) model and the threshold break points concept is newly proposed to interpret vertical electrical sounding (VES) measurements distributed along a given profile. New semi quantitative approach is consequently proposed to rapidly differentiate between different apparent resistivity populations, where 2D semi quantitative interpretation and a primary geological analysis could be constructed. The new technique is practiced and tested on a case study taken from Khanasser Valley, Northern Syria, where different selected profiles (LP1, LP2, LP3, and TP5) are interpreted. The availability and the feasibility of the proposed approached are confirmed and approved through the different comparisons between the multi fractal established cross sections and the traditional 1D VES interpretation models. It is recommended to routinely use this new proposed fractal approach in the geoelectrical researches for interpreting VES measurements distributed along a given profile.

Application of multivariate geostatistical simulation and fractal analysis for detection of rare earth elements (REEs) geochemical anomalies in Esfordi phosphate mine, Central Iran

The present study was conducted to determine different geochemical anomalies of rare earth elements (REEs) using a combined approach of stepwise factor analysis (SFA), sequential Gaussian simulation (SGS) ,and concentration-area (C-A) fractal modeling based on surface lithogeochemical samples obtained from the Esfordi phosphate mine (Central Iran). The Esfordi mine is one of the important mines in Bafq metallogenic zone due to average and maximum grade of 0.5 and 1.7%, respectively for REEs. According to SFA operation in two steps, the REEs were placed in the first factor of the second stage (F1-2). Then, the SGS method and C-A fractal modeling were performed on F1-2 factor scores for classification of anomalies. Log-ratio matrix was used to evaluate the correlation of these results with anomalous lithogeochemical samples, as well as to determine the relationship of anomalies with rock types and mineralized units and finally, to validate the results of SGS-fractal modeling. The results confirmed an appropriate correlation between F1-2 anomalies and high-concentration in further rock samples. The main anomalies were found to have good correlation with apatite-iron unit and in general with other apatite-bearing units based on overall accuracy values. The apatite-bearing units with high values of REEs were located in northern and central parts of the mine. The results of combined approach of SFA, SGS, and C-A fractal modeling showed that this hybrid approach can be useful in determining anomalies with proper accuracy.

Fractal modeling and cluster analysis of social processes in Russia, 17th – 20th centuries

The article is devoted to the heuristic possibilities of fractal simulation and cluster analysis in historical research. The authors presented examples of the application of these research tools to the study of historical demographic processes (XIX–XX centuries), to the history of the frontier (XVII – XIX centuries). The authors concluded that the mentioned toolkit is an effective means of typing objects.