Expression of biomarkers vimentin and Metastasis Associated 1(MTA1) protein in different stages of laryngeal cancer and their impacts on survival

Laryngeal cancer is the second most common cancer after the lip and oral cavity cancer ofhead and neck region1. Laryngeal malignancy is the seventh most common malignancy in males in India. Total number of new laryngeal cancer and death from laryngeal cancer have been estimated 12410 and 3760 respectively in 20192. As per last survey available the number of new cases diagnosed and total number of deaths from laryngeal malignancy were 25,460 and 17,560 respectively in 2012 in India3 . The incidence of cancer larynx is 1.26-8.18 per 100,000 populations in different regions of India. Carcinoma larynx constitutes40% of all Head and Neck cancers. Squamous cell carcinoma constitutes 95% of all malignancies of larynx. Glottis being the most common subsite followed by supraglottis and the least common site is the subglottis. There is an increasing incidence rate of this malignancy among middle aged and elderly men and women throughout the world. Expression of Biomarkers at different stages of laryngeal cancers and their impact on survival can play a crucial role in future management of laryngeal malignancies. In spite of having different modalities of treatments like surgery, radiotherapy, chemoradiation, the prognosis of laryngeal malignancies is still poor. The most common adverse factor for laryngeal cancer has been found lymph node metastasis. The process of progression of LSCC is complex and difficult to know it completely. Despite multi-modality therapeutic advances in recent decades, improvements in overall survival and disease free survival is very less. In this study we emphasized the role of expression of biomarkers vimentin and metastasis associated 1(MTA1) protein in different stages of laryngeal cancer and their impacts on survival.

Factors favoring neck metastasis in patients underwent laryngectomy for laryngeal cancer

Background One third of all head and neck cancers are caused by laryngeal cancer. However, the incidence and prevalence rates have decreased over the past 3 decades. Neck metastasis from cancer larynx is important to be addressed as its presence greatly reduces the probability of survival. However, quality of life should be taken into consideration. Hence, it was important to analyze factors related to neck metastasis from primary laryngeal cancer to detect any change of tumor behavior with time. Results One hundred thirty-eight patients underwent concomitant neck dissection with laryngectomy (total or partial). Supraglottic tumors had the greatest share in the neck metastasis with a count of 11 (of 26 neck metastasis), representing 42% and a total value of 11 (of 30 total supraglottic cancer) representing a tendency of spread in 37% of the total case number. Tumor midline crossing was present in 77% cases (20 of 26) with positive nodes, representing a P value 0.05. Conclusion This study investigated different factors related to lymph node metastasis from primary laryngeal tumor. The most important factors were the site of the tumor and its relation to the midline.

Cancer Incidence in Nigeria and Border Countries

Many inequalities in cancer incidence exist between Nigeria and border countries. This information is absent or largely unavailable. Benin, Cameroun, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria cover a population of more than 224,922,000. Globocan data base supplied incidence for 132,939cases of cancer for these countries. The prevalence of Bladder, Colorectum, Kaposi sarcoma, Larynx, Leukaemia, Lip, oral cavity, Liver, Lungwas estimated for the year 2012.The prevalence of Nasopharynx, Non – Hodgkin, Lymphoma, Pancrease, Prostrate, Stomach combined was also estimated for the same year. The most common male cancer found in Nigeria and border countries is Prostate cancer, seconded by Liver. In this study also we found Breast cancer to be the most common in females, followed by Cervical Cancer. Larynx and Kaposi sarcoma are found to be the least common cancer for both males and females in the population. In conclusion, the findings of this study gave lights to some guidelines to aid the design of cancer control programs in Nigeria and border countries. The spectrum of the cancers is dominated by the breast & Cervix uteri for females, while Prostate & Liver for males.