Cancer Incidence in Nigeria and Border Countries

Many inequalities in cancer incidence exist between Nigeria and border countries. This information is absent or largely unavailable. Benin, Cameroun, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria cover a population of more than 224,922,000. Globocan data base supplied incidence for 132,939cases of cancer for these countries. The prevalence of Bladder, Colorectum, Kaposi sarcoma, Larynx, Leukaemia, Lip, oral cavity, Liver, Lungwas estimated for the year 2012.The prevalence of Nasopharynx, Non – Hodgkin, Lymphoma, Pancrease, Prostrate, Stomach combined was also estimated for the same year. The most common male cancer found in Nigeria and border countries is Prostate cancer, seconded by Liver. In this study also we found Breast cancer to be the most common in females, followed by Cervical Cancer. Larynx and Kaposi sarcoma are found to be the least common cancer for both males and females in the population. In conclusion, the findings of this study gave lights to some guidelines to aid the design of cancer control programs in Nigeria and border countries. The spectrum of the cancers is dominated by the breast & Cervix uteri for females, while Prostate & Liver for males.

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Estimates of Cancer Incidence in Ethiopia in 2015 Using Population-Based Registry Data

Journal of Global Oncology ◽

10.1200/jgo.17.00175 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Solomon Tessema Memirie ◽

Mahlet Kifle Habtemariam ◽

Mathewos Asefa ◽

Biniyam Tefera Deressa ◽

Getamesay Abayneh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Cancer Registry ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

Addis Ababa ◽

Cancer Control ◽

Population Based ◽

Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽

Males And Females ◽

Population Based Registry

Purpose Noncommunicable diseases, prominently cancer, have become the second leading cause of death in the adult population of Ethiopia. A population-based cancer registry has been used in Addis Ababa (the capital city) since 2011. Availability of up-to-date estimates on cancer incidence is important in guiding the national cancer control program in Ethiopia. Methods We obtained primary data on 8,539 patients from the Addis Ababa population-based cancer registry and supplemented by data on 1,648 cancer cases collected from six Ethiopian regions. We estimated the number of the commonest forms of cancer diagnosed among males and females in Ethiopia and computed crude and age-standardized incidence rates. Results For 2015 in Ethiopia, we estimated that 21,563 (95% CI, 17,416 to 25,660) and 42,722 (95% CI, 37,412 to 48,040) incident cancer cases were diagnosed in males and females, respectively. The most common adult cancers were: cancers of the breast and cervix, colorectal cancer, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, leukemia, and cancers of the prostate, thyroid, lung, stomach, and liver. Leukemia was the leading cancer diagnosis in the pediatric age group (age 0 to 14 years). Breast cancer was by far the commonest cancer, constituting 33% of the cancers in women and 23% of all cancers identified from the Addis Ababa cancer registry. It was also the commonest cancer in four of the six Ethiopian regions included in the analysis. Colorectal cancer and non-Hodgkin lymphoma were the commonest malignancies in men. Conclusion Cancer, and more prominently breast cancer, poses a substantial public health threat in Ethiopia. The fight against cancer calls for expansion of population-based registry sites to improve quantifying the cancer burden in Ethiopia and requires both increased investment and application of existing cancer control knowledge across all segments of the Ethiopian population.

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The role of dissemination and implementation science in global breast cancer control programs: Frameworks, methods, and examples

Cancer ◽

10.1002/cncr.32877 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 126 (S10) ◽

pp. 2394-2404 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Anne F. Rositch ◽

Karla Unger‐Saldaña ◽

Rebecca J. DeBoer ◽

Anne Ng’ang’a ◽

Bryan J. Weiner

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Implementation Science ◽

Cancer Control ◽

Dissemination And Implementation ◽

Control Programs ◽

Dissemination And Implementation Science ◽

Breast Cancer Control

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Malignancy Trends in HIV-Infected Patients Over the Past 10 Years in a Single-Center Retrospective Observational Study in the United States

Cancer Control ◽

10.1177/1073274818797955 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 107327481879795 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nancy Rihana ◽

Sowmya Nanjappa ◽

Cara Sullivan ◽

Ana Paula Velez ◽

Narach Tienchai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽

Anal Cancer ◽

Invasive Cervical Cancer ◽

Human Herpesvirus ◽

Kaposi Sarcoma ◽

Retrospective Chart Review ◽

The United States ◽

Cancer Center ◽

Non Hodgkin Lymphoma

The introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in 1995 had a dramatic impact on the morbidity and mortality of the HIV population, and subsequently, the natural history of cancer has changed. The purpose of our study was to review the prevalence of AIDS-defining malignancies and non-AIDS defining cancers (NADC), taking into consideration racial and gender variations. After the institutional review board approval, the study was conducted as a retrospective chart review of 279 HIV-infected patients who were treated at the Moffitt Cancer Center between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2010. The demographic characteristics included gender, ethnicity, race, presence or absence of ART, and the type of malignancy reviewed. Of 233 men, 78 (33.5%) had AIDS-defining malignancies. AIDS-related non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) was detected in 49 (21%) patients and Kaposi sarcoma (KS) in 29 (12%) patients. Two-thirds of male patients had NADC, with anal cancer being the most prevalent (8.5%), followed by Hodgkin lymphoma (6%). AIDS-related NHL was also the predominant malignancy for women with a prevalence of 19.5% followed by invasive cervical cancer (ICC) and breast cancer, both with a similar prevalence of 11%. Kaposi sarcoma and anal cancer were equally detected in 2% of women. The prevalence rates of AIDS-defining malignancies among those of white race were 34%, ranging from 21% for NHL to 13% for KS and 1.5% for ICC. Twenty-one (7.7%) patients had anal cancer. AIDS-defining malignancies were found in 36% of patients of black race and 60% had NHL. Non-AIDS-related NHL was the second most common malignancy, followed by breast cancer and anal cancer with a similar prevalence of 6.5%. Of 279 patients, 53% were taking ART; 39.4% were not taking ART; and in 7.5% of the patients, it was unknown if they were taking ART. In the ART era, our study found NADC to be more prevalent than AIDS-defining malignancies with 60% versus 40%, respectively. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma remained the most common AIDS-related malignancy in both genders. Among the patients with NADC, anal cancer was the predominant malignancy. The increasing incidence of some of the NADC is expected as this population is living longer with chronic exposure of viral replication of virus with oncogenic potential such as Human papillomavirus (HPV), Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8). Early ART initiation, aggressive vaccination, and judicious cancer screening are the cornerstone of cancer prevention of this growing population.

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Projection of cancer incidence and death to 2040 in the US: Impact of cancer screening and a changing demographic.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.1566 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. 1566-1566 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lola Rahib ◽

Mackenzie Wehner ◽

Lynn McCormick Matrisian ◽

Kevin Thomas Nead

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Lung Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

Intrahepatic Bile Duct ◽

Death Rates ◽

Screening Programs ◽

Common Cancer ◽

The Us

1566 Background: Coping with the current and future burden of cancer requires an in-depth understanding of cancer incidence and death trends. As of 2020, breast, lung, prostate, and colorectal cancer are the most incident cancers, while lung, colorectal, pancreas, and breast cancer result in the most deaths. Here we integrate observed cancer statistics and trends with observed and estimated US demographic data to project cancer incidences and deaths to the year 2040. Methods: Demographic cancer-specific delay-adjusted incidence and death rates from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (2014-2016) were combined with US Census Bureau population growth projections (2016) and average annual percentage changes in incidence (2011-2015) and death (2012-2016) rates to project cancer incidences and deaths through the year 2040. We examined the 10 most incident and deadly cancers as of 2020. We utilized Joinpoint analysis to examine changes in incidence and death rates over time relative to changes in screening guidelines. Results: We predict the most incident cancers in 2040 in the US will be breast (322,000 diagnoses in 2040) and lung (182,000 diagnoses in 2040) cancer. Continuing decades long observed incident rate trends we predict that melanoma (173,000 diagnoses in 2040) will become the 3rd most common cancer while prostate cancer (63,000 diagnoses in 2040) will become the 5th most common cancer after colorectal cancer (139,000 diagnoses in 2040). Lung cancer (61,000 deaths in 2040) is predicted to continue to be the leading cause of cancer related death, with pancreas (45,000 deaths in 2040) and liver & intrahepatic bile duct (38,000 deaths in 2040) cancer surpassing colorectal cancer (34,000 deaths in 2040) to become the second and third most common causes of cancer related death, respectively. Breast cancer deaths (29,000 in 2040) are predicted to continue to decrease and become the fifth most common cause of cancer death. Joinpoint analysis of incidence and death rates supports a significant past, present, and future impact of cancer screening programs on the number of cancer diagnoses and deaths, particularly for prostate, thyroid, melanoma incidences, and lung cancer deaths. Conclusions: We demonstrate marked changes in the predicted landscape of cancer incidence and deaths by 2040. Our analysis reveals an influence of cancer screening programs on the number of cancer diagnoses and deaths in future years. These projections are important to guide future research funding allocations, healthcare planning, and health policy efforts.

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Self-Selection for Mammography and Breast Cancer Incidence by Stage

Tumori Journal ◽

10.1177/030089169408000206 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 80 (2) ◽

pp. 118-123 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lauro Bucchi ◽

Monica Serafini ◽

Oriana Nanni ◽

Gianfranco Buzzi ◽

Nori Morini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

Breast Cancer Incidence ◽

Cancer Control ◽

Population Based ◽

Mortality Data ◽

Breast Cancer Patients ◽

Stage Distribution ◽

Self Selection ◽

Excess Incidence

Aims and Background In the field of breast cancer control, obtaining population-based data on spontaneous mammography (MG) screening should be a priority. This study focuses on the breast cancer incidence and stage distribution in relation to MG use in Ravenna (Italy), 1987-88. Methods We estimated the MG rates, expected (E) incidence based on mortality data, observed (O) incidence, predicted excess incidence based on MG rates, observed excess incidence, and stage distribution according to the MG history. Results The highest MG rate (37%) was found among residents aged 40-44 but none of these had a T1a-bN0 breast cancer diagnosed nor was the predicted excess incidence demonstrated. Between 45 and 64 years, 80% of self-selected screenees had repeat (“incidence”) MG and the O:E incidence ratio was 1.32 (95% Cl 1.09-1.58). The observed excess incidence was 3.8-fold (95% Cl 2.56-5.16) greater than that predicted. Advanced (T2+ and/or N1+) cases accounted for 42% of patients diagnosed within 3 years of their last MG, for 55% of those diagnosed more than 3 years after their last MG, and for 70% of those with no previous MG. Above age 70, a significant worsening of stage at diagnosis was associated with a clear-cut drop in the proportion of breast cancer patients with previous self-referral for MG. Conclusions The results indicate that self-selection and its implications are major features of spontaneous screening practice.

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Promoting Evidence-Based Practices for Breast Cancer Care Through Web-Based Collaborative Learning

JCO Global Oncology ◽

10.1200/go.20.49000 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 54-54

Author(s):

Mishka K. Cira ◽

Allison Dvaladze ◽

Robel Tesfay ◽

Jo Anne Zujewski ◽

Kalina Duncan

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Collaborative Learning ◽

Cancer Control ◽

Project Teams ◽

Global Network ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Web Based ◽

Control Programs ◽

End Point ◽

Breast Cancer Control

PURPOSE The objective of the Project ECHO (Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes) for Knowledge Summaries for Comprehensive Breast Cancer Control (KSBC) was to strengthen the capacity to plan and implement evidence-based, resource-appropriate breast cancer control programs using virtual case-based learning within a global network of experts and peers. METHODS The KSBC ECHO was a collaboration between the US National Cancer Institute Center for Global Health, Women’s Empowerment Cancer Advocacy Network, and Breast Health Global Initiative in alignment with the Breast Cancer Initiative 2.5 campaign to reduce disparities in breast cancer outcomes. Using the ECHO model, we developed a 6-month Web-based program to support the development of locally relevant, resource-appropriate cancer control programs through mentorship and use of KSBCs. The course was advertised via existing networks, conferences, and social media. Breast cancer control project teams from around the world applied and were accepted to participate in the KSBC ECHO. Fourteen biweekly ECHO sessions were held via Zoom and included case presentations, didactic presentations, and discussion. Projects spanned the care continuum and sessions addressed preplanning, assessing need/barriers, setting objectives/priorities, and implementing/evaluating. Baseline and end point surveys were used to evaluate the ECHO program. Participants identified a mentor, completed worksheets, and presented on the project status. RESULTS Fifteen project teams from 11 countries—64 participants: advocates, clinicians, policymakers, and researchers—were enrolled. Twenty-eight participants (57%) completed the baseline and end point surveys. Analysis of the data using a paired t-test indicates that the knowledge increase was statistically significant: The average knowledge gain was 0.76 ± 0.89 (95% CI, 0.44 to 1.08; P < .0001). Additional feedback on the Web-based collaborative learning model will be presented. CONCLUSION The ECHO model encouraged interaction between policymakers, clinicians, advocates, and technical experts while using evidence-based tools to develop locally relevant, resource-appropriate implementation strategies and policy recommendations.

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Risk of secondary malignancies in non-Hodgkin lymphoma survivors: 40 years of follow-up assessed by treatment modality.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.e19525 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. e19525-e19525

Author(s):

Matthew Parsons ◽

Jonathan Chipman ◽

Calvin Rock ◽

Deborah Marie Stephens ◽

Harsh Shah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Head And Neck ◽

Treatment Modality ◽

Kaposi Sarcoma ◽

Female Breast Cancer ◽

Secondary Malignancy ◽

Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽

Female Breast ◽

Increased Risk

e19525 Background: Survivors of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) are at increased risk of secondary malignancies (SM). We quantified this risk in survivors with over 40 years of follow-up, and evaluated differences in risk by treatment modality. Methods: Standardized incidence ratios (SIR, observed-to-expected [O/E] ratio), which accounts for patient years at risk, and absolute excess risk of SM were assessed in 142,837 patients diagnosed with NHL as a first malignancy between 1975 and 2016 in the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. Follow up was available through 2016. Non-melanoma skin cancers were not counted as SM. SIRs were also evaluated for patients stratified by age at and latency from diagnosis. Results: In all, 14,101 patients received radiotherapy alone (RT), 68,424 received chemotherapy alone (CT), and 18,339 received chemotherapy and radiation (CRT). In total, 15,979 patients (11%) developed SM, more than the endemic rate (O/E 1.29; P < .01). Overall, patients treated with any RT (RT+CRT) had a similar risk of SM as those who did not receive RT (O/E 1.29 for both compared to endemic rate). Patients treated with RT had more risk of female breast cancer and less risk of leukemia than unirradiated patients (P < .05). Patients treated with any CT (CT+CRT) had increased SM rates compared with those who did not receive CT [O/E 1.33 (95% CI 1.30-1.35) vs 1.24 (95% CI 1.21-1.26), respectively], which included increased risks of leukemia, Kaposi sarcoma, kidney, pancreas, rectal, head and neck, and colon cancers and decreased risk of prostate cancer (P < 0.05). When stratified by four treatment groups (no CT or RT, RT alone, CT alone, CRT), there were no differences in SM rates between the no therapy and RT alone groups (O/E 1.24 95% CI 1.21-1.27 and O/E 1.23 95% CI 1.18-1.28 respectively). CT alone and CRT were associated with increased risk of secondary malignancy compared to the no therapy group (O/E 1.32 95% CI 1.29-1.35 and O/E 1.35 95% CI 1.29-1.40 respectively). CT alone was also associated with increased risk of leukemia, Kaposi sarcoma, kidney, head and neck and thyroid cancers, and a decreased risk of prostate cancer (P < .05). CRT was associated with increased risk of head and neck and female breast cancers (P < .05). There was no difference in the overall risk of SM between the CT alone and CRT groups and female breast cancer was the only site at which CRT was associated with higher risk than CT alone. Of note, female breast cancer risk was highest in those diagnosed under 25 years of age and at latencies of greater than 10 years. Conclusions: This is the largest study to examine secondary malignancy risk in patients with NHL and has the longest follow-up. Patients treated with RT alone did not have an increased SM risk compared to those who received no RT or CT. The risk of SMs was increased overall for NHL survivors and varied with treatment modality.

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Pattern and distribution of cancers in areas of Iraq exposed to Depleted Uranium

10.1101/2020.04.10.20060475 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Esraa Aldujaily ◽

Ali Duabil ◽

Kussay M. Abbas Zwain ◽

Hayder K. Fatlawi ◽

Ali Al-Behadili ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Survival Data ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Cancer Control ◽

Depleted Uranium ◽

Entire Study ◽

Future Studies ◽

Control Programs ◽

Major Interest

AbstractIntroductionCancer is one of the major causes of death worldwide. Health systems whether in developed or in developing countries like Iraq are burdened with different programs to control cancer. Our study is intended to provide information about cancer in the region of Middle Euphrates Area (MEA) of Iraq, which is one of the major areas in Iraq that exposed to the depleted Uranium (DU) at different time periods. Therefore, we are aiming to explore more information about the behavior of cancers in this region of Iraq (pattern and distribution).Aim: our study aims to describe the landscape of cancer with wide focus on the clinicopathological behavior of different types of cancers in MEA of Iraq to determine whether any differences have cropped up over time in Iraqi patients’ presentations.Patients and methodsThis study is a retrospective descriptive study design. Data were collected from a single tertiary cancer care oncology centre for three consecutive years from 2016 up to 2018. This Database covers nearly the entire Middle Euphrates area of Iraq. All statistical tests performed at a 95% level of significance with a two-sided p-value of 0.05 indicating statistical significance.Results and conclusionAccording to this study, the three most common cancers among the entire population were breast, lung, and brain cancers. Females constituted 57.0% of the entire study. Most cancers including breast cancer presented with aggressive clinicopathological behavior. Middle age groups of both sexes are more at risk of developing different cancers. Such findings are important and pave the way for future scientific cancer control programs in Iraq especially for breast cancer. The cancer appears to be flourishing in Iraq, which could be due to multiple factors. Finding a new strategy to predict the treatment response, recurrence or aggressiveness of cancers in Iraq is crucial.Summary (Strengths and limitations of this study)Whats new in this study is the wide focus of studying the clinicopathological behavior of all cancers in middle Euphrates area of Iraq to establish a solid base for further future studies that aims at developing the health system and cancer control programs in Iraq and middle east. The area of middle and south of Iraq which is named the middle Euphrates area is an area of major interest for researchers and clinicians as the cancer is flourishing in this area. previous studies excuse this increase of cancer incidence to the exposure to cancerous agents like depleted uranium. This fact inspired us to explore more information about the behavior of cancer in Iraq. The limitations of this study are the lack of therapy and survival data that we hope to include them in future studies.

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Cancer incidence in Canada: trends and projections (1983–2032)

Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada ◽

10.24095/hpcdp.35.s1.02 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 35 (Supplement 1) ◽

pp. 2-186 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Lin Xie ◽

Robert Semenciw ◽

Les Mery

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

Public Health Policy ◽

Cancer Control ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Preventive Interventions ◽

Cancer Statistics ◽

Planning Strategy ◽

Common Cancer ◽

Public Health Officials

Each year, the Canadian Cancer Statistics publication provides an estimate of expected case counts and rates for common cancer sites for the current year in Canada as a whole and in the provinces and territories. This monograph expands on the Canadian Cancer Statistics publication by providing historical and projected cancer incidence frequencies and rates at national and regional levels from 1983 to 2032. The aim is that this monograph will be an important resource for health researchers and planners. Most importantly, it is hoped the monograph will: - provide evidence-based input for the development of public health policy priorities at the regional and national levels; and - guide public health officials in planning strategy including designing and evaluating preventive interventions and planning resources (treatment requirements) and infrastructure for future cancer control and care intended to reduce the burden of cancer in Canada.

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Prediction of Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Korea, 2020

Cancer Research and Treatment ◽

10.4143/crt.2020.203 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 52 (2) ◽

pp. 351-358 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Kyu-Won Jung ◽

Young-Joo Won ◽

Seri Hong ◽

Hyun-Joo Kong ◽

Eun Sook Lee

Keyword(s):

Regression Model ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

Linear Trend ◽

Cancer Control ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Cancer Site ◽

Mortality Data ◽

Control Programs ◽

Incidence Data ◽

Incidence And Mortality

PurposeThis study aimed to report the projected cancer incidence and mortality for the year 2020 to estimate Korea’s current cancer burden.Materials and MethodsCancer incidence data from 1999 to 2017 were obtained from the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database, and cancer mortality data from 1993 to 2018 were acquired from Statistics Korea. Cancer incidence and mortality were projected by fitting a linear regression model to observed age-specific cancer rates against observed years and then by multiplying the projected age-specific rates by the age-specific population. A <i>Joinpoint</i> regression model was used to determine the year in which the linear trend changed significantly; we only used the data of the latest trend.ResultsIn total, 243,263 new cancer cases and 80,546 cancer deaths are expected to occur in Korea in 2020. The most common cancer site is expected to be the lung, followed by the stomach, thyroid, colon/rectum, and breast. These five cancers types are expected to represent half of the overall burden of cancer in Korea. The most common type of cancer among people who die is expected to be lung cancer, followed by liver, colon/rectal, pancreatic, and stomach cancers.ConclusionThe incidence rates for all types of cancer in Korea are estimated to decrease gradually. These up-to-date estimates of the cancer burden in Korea could be an important resource for planning and evaluating cancer-control programs.

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