A technology for multifunctional hydroprocessing of oil residues (vacuum residue and atmospheric residue) on the catalysts with hierarchical porosity

A technology for catalytic hydroprocessing of oil residues – atmospheric residue and vacuum residue – aimed to obtain high value added petrochemicals, particularly marine fuel complying with modern technical and environmental requirements, is reported. The technologyis based on the use of catalysts supported on alumina with a hierarchical structure of meso- and macropores, which are highly active and stable under severe conditions of the process. Data obtained by physicochemical analysis of the chemical composition, textural and phase properties of fresh and spent catalysts for the three-step hydroprocessing of atmospheric residue and vacuum residue are presented. A material balance for each step of the processes and a comprehensive analysis of the properties of produced petrochemicals were used to propose variants of implementing and integrating the technology at Russian oil refineries in order to increase the profit from oil refining. The introduction of the hydroprocessing of atmospheric residue at oil refineries without secondary processes will improve the economic efficiency due to selling the atmospheric residue by 84–170 % depending on a chosen scheme of the process and a required set of products. It is reasonable to integrate the catalytic hydroprocessing of vacuum residue with the delayed coking, catalytic cracking and hydrocracking processes in order to increase the depth of refining to 95 % and extend the production of marketable oil refining products: gasoline, diesel fuel, marine fuel with the sulfur content below 0.5 %, and low-sulfur refinery coke for the electrode industry. The integration of the hydroprocessing of vacuum residue with the secondary processes will increase the economic efficiency from selling the vacuum residue by a factor of 2–2.5 in comparison with its production in delayed coking units.

Value addition study on coker kero for producing alpha olefin and alkyl benzene

Coker kero stream is obtained from delayed coking which contains saturates with alpha olefins and PNA compounds which was physicochemical characterised. The fractions present in coker kero may be used further for value added products such as alkyl benzene and naphthalene etc. The study described potential of coker kero via aromatics and non-aromatics separation by using liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) with N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP), acetonitrile and methanol as solvents of different polarity. Methanol imparts best colour improvement as per ASTM D-1500. Beside this, adsorption study on coker kero was performed using fuller’s earth, chalk powder, red ochre and wood-stick’s ash as adsorbents. The adsorption study suggested that fuller’s earth not only separate aromatics and non-aromatics form coker kero, but also acts as a better adsorbent than graphitic carbon (activated charcoal) and is found suitable for colour improvement comparatively. This study inferred the separation of polar components, improvement in the colour, odour and established the stable fuel. FT-IR study suggested that N-methyl Pyrrolidone gives better results comparatively other solvents. HC22 type analysis of coker kero raffinate and extract phase confirm the sharp extraction of coker kero feed using N-Methyl pyrrolidone as it is a good solvent for extraction of aromatics. GCMS and HRMS compositional analysis successfully performed for the coker kero and it is separated aromatic and non-aromatic fractions.

MEASURES TO ENSURE THE EXPLOSION SAFETY OF THE DELAYED COK-ING UNIT FOR OIL RESIDUES

The article considers the main industrial safety requirements for the installation of delayed coking of oil residues. As well as the rules of industrial safety, which are important to observe at a dangerous production facility. Insufficient attention to this aspect of the activity can put the safety of work on the site at risk. And this, in turn, entails a threat to the health and life of persons working at this facili-ty.

DEVELOPMENT OF RESOURCE-SAVING TECHNOLOGY FOR PROCESSING HEAVY OIL RESIDUES

The physicochemical and chemmotological characteristics of bottom sediment oil sludge were studied to determine the optimal processing conditions. The possibility of obtaining light distillates using the thermal method of exposure to oil sludge is investigated. A variant of the involve ment of bottom sediments in the installation of delayed coking is proposed