Applications of artificial intelligence with cloud computing in promoting social distancing to combat COVID-19

The emergence of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease and its rapid spread around the world has serious impacts on people's lives in addition to its effects on many aspects, including the economic and educational sectors. Researches have proved that social distance is effective in combating COVID-19. Maintaining social distance is hard to be handled by humans especially in crowded areas such as airports and campuses. So, there is a need to apply a robust and proactive design to manage this process automatically and smartly. This paper presents a design system to fight COVID-19 by maintaining the social distance with effective monitoring for suspected cases. This has been done using cloud computing and a framework including Arduino (node microcontroller unit (NodeMCU)) with several sensors. The operational aspects of this design system using cloud computing have been discussed. Generally, NodeMCU has been involved in checking the conditions, comparison processing, and communication with the webserver. Moreover, the webserver has been used for determining the maximum number of persons allowed to enter. The results state that this design system is effective in combating COVID-19 through maintaining the social distance and collecting information about suspected cases. This system is valuable, dependable, and stable since the whole process is contactless.

Hardware/Software Co-Design for TinyML Voice-Recognition Application on Resource Frugal Edge Devices

On-device artificial intelligence has attracted attention globally, and attempts to combine the internet of things and TinyML (machine learning) applications are increasing. Although most edge devices have limited resources, time and energy costs are important when running TinyML applications. In this paper, we propose a structure in which the part that preprocesses externally input data in the TinyML application is distributed to the hardware. These processes are performed using software in the microcontroller unit of an edge device. Furthermore, resistor–transistor logic, which perform not only windowing using the Hann function, but also acquire audio raw data, is added to the inter-integrated circuit sound module that collects audio data in the voice-recognition application. As a result of the experiment, the windowing function was excluded from the TinyML application of the embedded board. When the length of the hardware-implemented Hann window is 80 and the quantization degree is 2−5, the exclusion causes a decrease in the execution time of the front-end function and energy consumption by 8.06% and 3.27%, respectively.

Design a multi-motion bed to help the Elderly people and sick

Most mishaps happening at clinical foundations treating older patients with portability hindrance are bedsores and slip-and-fall accidents. One reason for this high pace of mishaps is the absence of nursing faculty. So as to help parental figures in nursing old patients who are unable to move freely, we offer an arrangement and implementation of a wise bed in this work. This is the bed. Under the sheet material spread, a couple of weight sensors are passed to consider the two social orders' regular actual characteristics as well as the specific body portions where bedsores commonly arise. The body zone is divided into three vertical territories and three level zones to cope with the weight ulcer territory and prevent falls. Each microcontroller unit is in charge of monitoring pressure-differentiating data in one of the bodily regions separated on a level plane. In this review, a consistent weight distinguishing figure is offered that is useful for predicting the anticipated outcomes of bedsores and falling setbacks by taking into account both the strength and the length of weight of unambiguous body parts. Our preliminary findings reveal that a model magnificent bed serves a pair of human models of varied heights and burdens admirably.

Thermal protection implementation of the contact overheadline based on bay controllers of electric transport traction substations in the mining industry

The article presents the principle of thermal protection of the contact overheadlineand substantiates the possibility of practical implementation of this principle for rail electric transport in the mining industry. The algorithm for the implementation of modern digital protection of the contact overhead line as one of the functions of the controller is described. A mathematical model of thermal protection is proposed, which follows from the solution of the heat balance equation. The model takes into account the coefficient of the electrical networktopology, as well as the coefficient of consumption of the current-carrying core of the cable, which determines the reduction in the conducting section from contact erosion and the growth of oxide films. Corrections for air flows are introduced when receiving data from an external anemometer, via telemechanics protocol. The mathematical model was tested by writing a real thermal protection program in the C programming language for the bay controller, based on the circuitry of which is the STM32F407IGT6 microcontroller for the microcontroller unit. Verification tests were carried out on a serial bay controller in 2020. The graphs for comparing the calculated and actual values of temperatures, with different flow rates of the current-carrying conductor of the DC cable, are given. To obtain data, telemechanics protocols IEC 60870-104 and Modbus TCP, PLC Segnetics SMH4 were used.

Software Design and Experimental Evaluation of a Reduced AES for IoT Applications

IoT devices include RFID tags, microprocessors, sensors, readers, and actuators. Their main characteristics are their limited resources and computing capabilities, which pose critical challenges to the reliability and security of their applications. Encryption is necessary for security when using these limited-resource devices, but conventional cryptographic algorithms are too heavyweight and resource-demanding to run on IoT infrastructures. This paper presents a lightweight version of AES (called LAES), which provides competitive results in terms of randomness levels and processing time, operating on GF(24). Detailed mathematical operations and proofs are presented concerning LAES rounds design fundamentals. The proposed LAES algorithm is evaluated based on its randomness, performance, and power consumption; it is then compared to other cryptographic algorithm variants, namely Present, Clefia, and AES. The design of the randomness and performance analysis is based on six measures developed with the help of the NIST test statistical suite of cryptographic applications. The performance and power consumption of LAES on a low-power, 8-bit microcontroller unit were evaluated using an Arduino Uno board. LAES was found to have competitive randomness levels, processing times, and power consumption compared to Present, Clefia, and AES.

Cyber Intelligence in Smart Vehicles

In the embryonic stage, the usage of vehicle tracking systems were primarily restricted to getting the geographical location of the vehicular units. This scenario, however, was not perennial and with the escalation from a rudimentary stage to a highly complex archi- tecture for vehicular administration that we witness today, the standards for the vehicles security have also become monumental. With the development of V2X communications, the gamut of facilities provided by smart vehicle services has expanded prodigiously. These technological advancements, however have come at a cost. The gargantuan transition that has taken place over the recent years exacts a lot of security and safety mechanisms to be implemented, adjunct to the products and services it comes equipped with. In this paper, after a comprehensive study in the domain, we imply a security system model comprising of a Microcontroller Unit (MCU), as a part of the Vehicle Tracing Mechanism (VTM), well connected with a Management Hub. The communications be- tween the Vehicular Unit(s), Management Hub and the system Vehicle Tracing Mecha- nism (VTM) are made viable via V2X communications with conducive aid from technolo- gies like Global Positioning System, Radio Frequency Identifications and GPRS network. The paper aims to ameliorate the extant security protocols and improve the security and safety standards of smart vehicles by broaching cyber intelligence in smart vehicles.

MATLAB BASED HIL FRAMEWORK: A GUIDE TO BUILD A HARDWARE IN THE LOOP DAQ PERIPHERAL

Testing and validating modern hardware such as some subsystems in modern vehicles is a little challenging especially before assembling them into the final product. To achieve a valid real-time test, the tested hardware or unit must be placed into its real-time environment which is not possible in some cases. Recently, and with the presence of advanced simulation software applications, the hardware environment could be simulated easily to fulfill the real-time test properly. Simulating an environment in one loop with real physical hardware knowing as Hardware-in-the-loop is used nowadays in various development fields, medical, industrial, research, and education. Amongst the aforementioned, HIL is widely used in control systems applications. In the paper, building a framework to enable hardware in the loop (HIL) simulation with the aid of MATLAB/Simulink is discussed. Over serial communication, and inexpensive data acquisition (DAQ) peripheral has been developed using a microcontroller unit. the development of the framework is discussed to be used as a guide for building it by using any microcontroller. The resultant performance appeal to excellent real-time response with quite a small delay of about 70ms in the worst case.

Design and Implementation of an Air Quality Testing System Based on STC12C5A

Indoor air quality and human health have proven to be related, but for home environment air quality detection system equipment accuracy is not high problem. This paper designs an air quality detection system that effectively handles the information of indoor air pollution. The microcontroller unit (MCU) STC12C5A was taken as the core to realize the detection and display of particulate matter (PM) 2.5 concentration, temperature, and humidity. Compared with the measurements by standard instruments, our system was proved effective through tests: the relative error of PM2.5 concentration was smaller than 3μg/m3; the temperature error was within 1℃; the humidity error was below 5% relative humidity (RH). This research provides an effective way to detect indoor air quality. The results of this paper are suitable for home environment and have a good application prospect.

Development of a feedback interface for in-situ soundscape evaluation

Studies involving subjective evaluation require feedback from human participants to assess the performance of a system or an environment. A participant is typically presented with a set of metrics to be observed and they present their assessment accordingly. Investigator-led in-situ soundscape evaluation in ISO 12913-2 collects perceptual responses along with other acoustical and locale information. This is a labor intensive and time-consuming processes. To alleviate and complement investigator-led evaluations, a portable and compact feedback system with an e-ink display and capacitive buttons was designed, and is undergoing field tests to address the aforementioned requirements. The system employs a low-cost, low-power microcontroller unit (MCU) with necessary hardware interfaces to enable capacitive sensing. Capacitive buttons provide an intuitive interface and avoid the inherent wear and tear of mechanical buttons. This digitized feedback interface affords the flexibility to synchronize (wired or wirelessly) with a playback system to evaluate an augmented soundscape, and is suitable for both supervised and unsupervised subjective assessments.

A novel 4 dimensional hyperchaotic system with its control, Synchronization and Implementation

This paper presents a new hyperchaotic system which shows some interesting features, the system is 4-dimensional with 4 nonlinearities. An extensive numerical analysis has showed that the system has some interesting features and strange behaviors. The numerical analysis includes studying the effect of system parameters and initial conditions. Some of the important properties of the system with parameter set, in which the system is hyperchaotic, such as Lyapunov exponents and Lyapunov dimension, dissipation and symmetry are found and discussed. In the next part of our work, a tracking controller for the proposed system is designed and then a synchronization control system for two identical systems is designed. The design procedure uses combination of a simple synergetic control with adaptive updating laws to identify the unknown parameters derived basing on Lyapunov theorem. Hardware implementation based on microcontroller unit (MCU) board is proposed and tested and used to experimentally validate the designed control and synchronization systems. As an application, the designed synchronization system is used as a secure analogue communication system. Using MATLAB, Simulation study for the control and synchronization systems is presented. The simulation and experimental study have been showed excellent results.