Consciousness of Spending on Children's Sports Activities in a Community Sports Club in Japan

In recent years, comprehensive community sports clubs have offering several kinds of sports classes for children. However, there are no clear criteria about the prices charged for these classes. At the same time, to meet members' satisfaction levels, it is very important for managers of comprehensive community sports clubs to understand the fair value of the classes. The purpose of this article is to clarify parents' internal reference price of the monthly fee for their children's sports activities through price sensitivity measurement. As a part of the research, a survey of parents whose children participate in sports classes at the comprehensive community sports clubs was conducted. Over a period of two weeks, 327 questionnaires were distributed and 219 were collected. The results revealed that the range of acceptable price is between 3,372 yen and 5,212 yen, and that a price range between 3,372 yen and 4,672 yen is considered affordable.

The More the Merrier? Understanding How Travel Frequency Shapes Willingness to Pay

Customers’ evaluation of hotel prices has received increasing attention in hospitality research. Beyond the specific attributes of the offer, internal norms related to prior experiences affect customers’ response to price. Drawing on the behavioral price literature, this study investigates the effect of travel frequency and reference price on the formation of travelers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for accommodation. The study presents a novel methodological approach introducing the concept of instantaneous indirect effect. Results offer support for an inverted U-shaped relationship between travel frequency and WTP, mediated by the internal reference price. WTP reaches its peak when the customer has booked an accommodation 6 times in the past 2-year period. The findings provide clear implications for practitioners. Monitoring customers’ travel frequency and integrating it into dynamic pricing models will create a better alignment of room rates with travelers’ WTP, which will make revenue management techniques more customer centric and, ultimately, enhance profitability.

Development of a Method of Internal Reference Price for Redistribution of Energy Imbalances in Balancing Groups

The market of electrical energy /ЕЕ/ in Bulgaria has been liberated completely since 1 July 2007. Consumers who are out on the free market have to negotiate the price of ЕЕ and to plan on an hourly basis the quantities to be consumed. Any deviation takes them to the balancing market where the prices for the deficit and surplus of energy are unfavorable when compared with market prices. It is a good solution for those consumers to optimize their expenses for ЕЕ by joining a balancing group /BG/. Through their participation in a BG consumers have the best choice and the opportunity to optimize their expenses for imbalances by transferring the responsibility for balancing to the Coordinator of the balancing group /CBG/. CBG is responsible for distributing the total imbalance of the BG among its members, as well as for the prices of the balancing energy within the group. This is what has made the authors of this paper develop and test a method of optimal redistribution of energy imbalances that will lead to the optimization of the financial result of the participants in the balancing group.

Effect of Attribute Complementarity on Consumers' Willingness to Pay for Bundled Products

In a sales context, a common promotional tactic is to supplement a required purchase (i.e., the focal product) by offering a free product (i.e., the supplementary product). We examined the underlying mechanism driving consumers' evaluation of the supplementary product after such a promotion, with 120 undergraduate student participants at a large public university in Taiwan. Results showed that consumers demonstrated higher (lower) willingness to pay for a supplementary product that had higher (lower) levels of attribute complementarity with the focal product. However, this effect occurred only when the price of the focal product was much higher than consumer's internal reference price for the supplementary product. Our findings contribute to the literature on bundled products, reference price theory, and consumers' postpromotion perception of supplementary products' price. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.

The effect of saving format (”%-off” vs. ”amount-off”) on the change of internal reference price: an empirical study

Recently, price promotion campaigns have been used increasingly in the commercial sector. Since, for marketing specialists, price presentation has a strong impact on consumer perceptions, it is important to organize price promotions that consumers perceive positively. Purpose: The first objective of this study is to examine the effects on the consumer internal reference price of saving formats displayed in %-off as opposed to those expressed as amount-off. The second objective of the paper is to analyse whether the moderating effect of the discount level (low vs. high) and price confidence (low vs. high) will influence the main relationship between saving format and change of internal reference price. Methodology: In order to achieve the objective of the current research, both primary and secondary data were examined. Secondary data were gathered from reliable sources on price promotion, whereas primary data were collected through a survey. Findings: The results of the empirical research give suggestions to retailers as to which format of price promotion to select in order to diminish or avoid drastic reductions of the consumer internal reference price, considering the discount level and consumer characteristics such as price confidence.

Anteseden dari Purchase Intention pada Konsumen Columbia Cash dan credit Metropolitan Mall Bekasi

The background of this research is many factor can influence the customer purchase intention, some determinant have been study. This study is to understand the way of brand and store name, and the price to influence customer purchase intention at Colombia cash and credit electronics shoppers in Bekasi, West Java. The objective (s) of this research was to understand if they are having an effect between price discout toward internal reference price and perceived brand quality; an effect between brand name dan store name toward perceived brand quality and perceived store image; and then effect between internal reference price, perceived brand quality and perceived store image toward perceived value can mount purchase intention at consumers comments Columbia Cash and Credit in area Metropolitan Mall Bekasi. Data analyze used in this research is primer data and using simple random sampling to collect the data, analysis data method in this research is using Multiple Regression Method. Respondent in this research are the consumers Columbia Cash and credit in Metropolitan Mall Bekasi. The result of this research found that this study have a evidance that price discount, brand name and store name is very effective in influence and stimulating effort to the customer purchase intention, so the suggested from the study it’s possible to run the price discount, but it’s must been run at the right moment, so it will be give fascination to draw consumer enthusiasm and the finally conduct the tansaction.

Consciousness of Spending on Children's Sports Activities in a Community Sports Club in Japan

In recent years, comprehensive community sports clubs have offering several kinds of sports classes for children. However, there are no clear criteria about the prices charged for these classes. At the same time, to meet members' satisfaction levels, it is very important for managers of comprehensive community sports clubs to understand the fair value of the classes. The purpose of this article is to clarify parents' internal reference price of the monthly fee for their children's sports activities through price sensitivity measurement. As a part of the research, a survey of parents whose children participate in sports classes at the comprehensive community sports clubs was conducted. Over a period of two weeks, 327 questionnaires were distributed and 219 were collected. The results revealed that the range of acceptable price is between 3,372 yen and 5,212 yen, and that a price range between 3,372 yen and 4,672 yen is considered affordable.