ANALISIS KARAKTERISTIK KANDUNGAN KOPI BENING (CLEAR COFFEE) KABUPATEN BANYUWANGI

This research aims to find out the effect of preliminary treatment (roasted light roasting 190°C, medium roasting 195°C and dark roasting 200°C) and distillation method (water distillation and coffee extract) on the characteristics of clear coffee and provide benefits to know the characteristics of quality contained in the content of clear coffee. The method used is a distillation method that is carried out for 1 hour to be able to produce a clear copy that was previously done extras with the grinder Latina600N, Cloth Filter and Moka Pot and these results will be tested proximate and organoleptic test and then calculated variance analysis. The characterization of clear coffee in the testing of pH levels, protein content, moisture content, ash content, fat content, and caffeine content resulted that the dark roasting treatment (195°C-200°C) had the highest percentage value with low caffeine levels and roasting temperature treatment of 195°C-200°C had the highest favored level by using the commonly used Latina 600N grinder cafe-café coffee in general, and based on the results of roasting temperature variant 195°C-200°C has no noticeable effect with other temperature treatment as well as grinders used.

Improvement of the methodology of the tetrazolium test using different pretreatments in seeds of the genus Epidendrum (Orchidaceae)

The aim of the present study was to determine the most suitable pretreatment to enhance the tetrazolium test in seeds of the Epidendrum genus. Initially, mature capsules were harvested at El Escorial village, in the municipality of Pamplona, Colombia. Subsequently, the seeds were subjected to five pretreatments: deionized water, 0.5% NaClO, 1.0% NaClO, 10.0% sucrose and a control group. Using the syringe method with cloth filter, the seeds were rinsed with distilled water and subjected to two concentrations of tetrazolium solution (0.25%, 1.0%) and three exposure times (6 h, 24 h and 48 h). Finally, the tetrazolium viability test results were correlated with the in vitro germination test. It was found that the use of deionized water improves the efficiency of the tetrazolium test in seeds of Epidendrum fimbriatum and E. microtum; as in seeds of E. elongatum when using 1.0% tetrazolium for 24 h. Similarly, a high correlation was found between viability and germination, using deionized water and 10.0% sucrose, with homogeneous results with each other.

Removal of micropollutants with coarse-ground activated carbon for enhanced separation with hydrocyclone classifiers

One key technology to eliminate organic micropollutants (OMP) from wastewater effluent is adsorption using powdered activated carbon (PAC). To avoid a discharge of highly loaded PAC particles into natural water bodies a separation stage has to be implemented. Commonly large settling tanks and flocculation filters with the application of coagulants and flocculation aids are used. In this study, a multi-hydrocyclone classifier with a downstream cloth filter has been investigated on a pilot plant as a space-saving alternative with no need for a dosing of chemical additives. To improve the separation, a coarser ground PAC type was compared to a standard PAC type with regard to elimination results of OMP as well as separation performance. With a PAC dosing rate of 20 mg/l an average of 64.7 wt% of the standard PAC and 79.5 wt% of the coarse-ground PAC could be separated in the hydrocyclone classifier. A total average separation efficiency of 93–97 wt% could be reached with a combination of both hydrocyclone classifier and cloth filter. Nonetheless, the OMP elimination of the coarse-ground PAC was not sufficient enough to compete with the standard PAC. Further research and development is necessary to find applicable coarse-grained PAC types with adequate OMP elimination capabilities.