EFEK VARIASI BEBAN PENDINGINAN TERHADAP COEFFICIENT OF PERFORMANCE (COP) MESIN PENDINGIN PADA BOX COOLER ALAT DISTILASI

Refrigerator has been widely used by the community and can be found in almost every shop, office building and household. The application of refrigeration machines can also be developed in many other equipment and machines, one of which is in the distillation apparatus. Distillation is a method of separating two substances. A distillation machine using a cooling machine in the condenser will be very helpful, especially for distillation. This study aims to determine the effect of cooling on the performance of the cooling machine. Cooling engine performance coefficient of achievement (COP). Load variations are carried out by adjusting the boiler temperature using a thermostat. In this study, data on the temperature and pressure of the refrigerant flowing in the refrigeration system were taken at four points, namely before entering the compressor, before entering the capillary tube and before entering the evaporator . In this study also used four variations of the cooling load given to the box cooler of 110 °C, 125 °C, 140 °C, and 155 °C. Then the temperature and pressure data is processed to get the COP value every time from all variations of the cooling load. The results showed that the increaseing in the cooling load, the smaller the COP value of the cooling machine. In its effect on the length of time the COP value of each variation of the cooling load increases. The highest COP value in this study was obtained at a cooling load temperature of 110 ºC of 10.69 and the lowest was obtained at a temperature of 155 ºC of 9.38.

PENGELOLAAN UNSUR HARA TERPADU DALAM BUDIDAYA TANAMAN PORANG (REVIEW)

Elephant food yam (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) is an important tuber plant that is grown in most of the tropical countries including Indonesia and is a very profitable export commodity. Soil nutrients availability is one of the most important factors that determine the production of elephant food yam plants. However, there is no single nutrient source, either from inorganic fertilizers or organic fertilizers or biological fertilizers, which is able to meet all the nutrient needs of the plants grown. Therefore, integrated nutrient management (INM) of elephant food yam plants seems to be a way out to maintain sustainable production and increase profitability. This paper reviews the results of research on various issues of INM-based production management for elephant food yam plants and analyzes the extent of research on the use of INM both in Indonesia and abroad. The benefits of integrated nutrient management are well documented for vegetable crops. However, it is still very little available for elephant food yam plants, especially in Indonesia. Integrated nutrient management (INM) is a very important technological innovation to be applied to elephant food yam cultivation. Elephant food yam is a high nutrient consumeplant, so a wise and precise combination of inorganic and organic fertilizers as well as bio-fertilizer will result in sustainable and sinergistic use of soil nutrients of elephant foot yams. Therefore, recommendations for research need for INM of elephant food yam should be carried out in order to increase the production of it in a sustainable manner.

KELAYAKAN FINANSIAL USAHA TANI DAN PERSEPSI PETANI TERHADAP KEBIJAKAN KENAIKAN TARIF CUKAI HASIL TEMBAKAU (Studi Kasus di Kecamatan Suralaga Kabupaten Lombok Timur)

Tobacco is a national strategic commodity that contributes to state revenues and employment. The purpose of this research is to analyze tobacco farming income and to analyze farmers' perceptions regarding the policy of increasing excise tariffs on processed tobacco/cigarette taxes. The research method used is qualitative analysis with a descriptive analysis approach. The research was conducted in Suralaga District, East Lombok Regency. Suralaga sub-district was chosen because it is a sub-district that mostly cultivates tobacco commodities. Respondents used in this study were 30 respondent farmers. 15 farmers live in Bagik Payung Village, some 15 farmers live in Waringin Village. Both villages are tobacco farmers and are located in Suralaga District, East Lombok Regency. The results showed that tobacco farming in East Lombok Regency was declared feasible because based on the analysis, the farming experienced an income (profit) of Rp. 8,045,942/hectare/planting season with a farming feasibility level of 1.70> 1 (feasible category). Most farmers have the perception that the policy of increasing tobacco excise/cigarette tax aims to help the national economy through increasing state revenues, not to control the level of cigarette consumption. The local/central government has never socialized the increase in tobacco/cigarette excise. In addition, farmers also assume that the government has never provided assistance or compensation to farmers after the policy of increasing tobacco/cigarette excise. The increase in cigarette excise does not have a direct impact on the decline in the economic condition of farmers. The factors that have the most direct influence on farmers' income are uncertain weather conditions (climate change) and the determination of the selling price grade of tobacco harvests which is less transparent.

PEMANFAATAN EKSTRAK BELIMBING WULUH DAN EKSTRAK KULIT BUAH NAGA DALAM PEMBUATAN SELAI

This study aims to determine the concentration of starfruit juice and dragon fruit peel on the quality of jam. The experimental design used was a one-factor Randomized Block Design (RAK) with six treatments and three replications to obtain 18 samples. The treatments were the concentration of starfruit juice and dragon fruit peel extract with P1 (100% : 0%), P2 (85% : 15%), P3 (70% : 15%), P4 (55% : 45%), P5 ( 40% : 60%) and P6 (25% : 75%). Parameters observed were vitamin C levels, antioxidant activity, spread, and color as well as sensory tests (color, aroma, and taste). Data analysis results were tested by analysis of variance at a significance level of 5% using Co-Stat software. If there is a significant difference, then the orthogonal polynomial further test is carried out, while the physical and sensory tests are further tested using the Honest Significant Difference test at a significance level of 5%. The results showed that the concentration of star fruit juice and dragon fruit pulp did not have a different effect on vitamin C levels but had a significantly different effect on antioxidant activity, spread, and color. P6 treatment resulted in the highest antioxidant activity of 77.27%, 12.80 mg of vitamin C content, 10.1 cm of smearing power, and sensory properties that were acceptable to the panelists.

PEMBERDAYAAN KELOMPOK WANITA TANI MELALUI PEMANFAATAN LAHAN PEKARANGAN UNTUK BUDIDAYA SAYURAN SEHAT DI KECAMATAN BOJONGGAMBIR KABUPATEN TASIKMALAYA

Empowerment of Women Farmers Groups (KWT) through the utilization of yardland is one way to improve the quality of life and women's independence. The purpose of the study is to describe, analyze, and formulate a strategy for empowering KWT through the use of yard land for healthy vegetable cultivation in Bojonggambir District, Tasikmalaya Regency. The number of samples was determined by the total sampling method. The results of descriptive analysis describe the characteristics of KWT on age (productive), education (low), length of farming (high), yard area (narrow), and all external factors (medium). The related factors are the area of the yard, the role of agricultural extension workers, and the availability of facilities and infrastructure. The strategy is in the form of extension activities with descriptive analysis to determine the material and Spearman Rank correlation to optimize factors related to empowerment, namely the area of yards (sig .044), availability of facilities and infrastructure (sig .037), and the role of extension workers (sig .000).

PENGARUH KONSENTRASI DAN LAMA PERENDAMAN DALAM LARUTAN KAPUR SIRIH TERHADAP MUTU KERIPIK PISANG KEPOK (Musa paradisiaca formatypica)

This research aimed to determine the effect of concentration and soaking time in calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) on the quality of plantain chips (Musa paradisiaca formatypica). The method that used in this study was complete randomized design (CRD) with a double factors that was concentration of calcium hydroxide (1%, 5% and 10%) and soaking time (10, 20 and 30 minutes), with treatment are KP1 (1% : 10 minutes), KP2 (5% : 10 minutes), KP3 (10% : 10 minutes), KP4 (1% : 20 minutes), KP5 (5% : 20 minutes), KP6 (10% : 20 minutes), KP7 (1% : 30 minutes), KP8 (5% : 30 minutes) and KP9 (10% : 30 minutes). The data of the research were analyzed using Analysis of Variance at level 5% and tested continued using the test of Least Significant Different (LSD) at the same level if there was a real difference. The results showed that the concentration and soaking time in calcium hydroxide had a real effect on chemical qualities (water, ash, fat, and zinc/Zn) and organoleptic (taste, color, aroma, and texture) of plantain chips. In zinc content for all instruments are suitable with standard (SNI No. 01-4315-1996) for banana chips, while for moisture, ash, and fat content, not all treatments are suitable with the standard. In organoleptic parameters for taste, color, and aroma, panelists preferred treatment of KP1 (concentration of calcium hydroxide 1% and soaking time of 10 minutes) for best result, while for texture the treatment of KP9 (concentration of calcium hydroxide 10% and soaking time 30 minutes) produces the best quality based from panelist choice.

RESPON PEMBERIAN PUPUK AB-MIX DAN BERBAGAI PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN TERUNG UNGU (Solanum melongena L.) SECARA HIDROPONIK DENGAN SISTEM WICK

This study aimed to determine the effect of AB Mix fertilizer and various liquid organic fertilizers on the growth of purple eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) hydroponically with an axis system. The design used was a Randomized Block Design (RAK). While the treatment design is factorial consisted of two factors studied, namely: 1. AB Mix (A) fertilizer consists of 3 levels A1: 500 ppm/plot, A2: 100 ppm/plot, A3: 1500/plot. 2. Various liquid organic fertilizers (C) with a dose of 40 cc/plot: C1 (POC Peel), C2 (POC HANTU), and C3 (POC Banana Weevil), with three times replications. Parameters observed were plant height (cm), stem diameter (mm), number of leaves (strands), flowering time (days), and number of flowers (days). The results showed that Mixed AB fertilizer has no significant effect on plant height and stem diameter, but significantly affects the number of leaves, flowering time, and the flowers' number. The application of various organic fertilizers did not show a significant effect in almost all parameters except for the flowering time and obtained the best organic fertilizer yield, namely POC Bonggol Pisang (C3). In addition, the interaction of AB Mix fertilizer and various organic fertilizers did not significantly affect all the parameters observed.

PERUBAHAN SIFAT FISIK DAN CITA RASA KOPI ARABIKA ASAL BONDOWOSO PADA BERBAGAI TINGKAT PENYANGRAIAN

Arabica coffee from the plantation on the foothill of Ijen-Raung mountains in Bondowoso is well known for its Java Arabica Coffee specialty. The exploration to strengthen the specialty identity is keep going on. This study aims to determine the changes in physical properties and flavor of that arabica coffee during roasting at various times and temperatures of roasting. The aspects of physical properties that were studied include weight to volume ratio, coffee bean dimension, and a color index of RGB (red green blue). The weight-to-volume ratio and color index of RGB decreased as the time and temperature roasting increased. The change in dimension of the coffee bean was caused by roasting also detected, but not dominant signifies the roasting level. This is due to the dimension change of coffee bean in each roasting profile having tiny differences and the dimension of the green bean had high variation. Based on this study, it is known that the roasting with a maximum temperature of 165°C and total time process of 9.5 minutes gives the highest total score of aroma, flavor, acidity, and aftertaste of that arabica coffee.

RESPON PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI BAWANG MERAH (Allium cepa L) TERHADAP KONSENTRASI AIR KELAPA DAN MEDIA TANAM SECARA VERTIKULTUR

The study was conducted at experimantal field at Faculty of Agriculture, Asahan University, Asahan Regency on October 2020 until December 2020. The study aims to the find out the growth response and production of shallots (Allium cepa L.) to the concentration of coconut water and growth media veticulture. This study used randomized complete block design with two factors: (1) Concentration of coconut water (K) with 3 levels: K1 = 25% (250 ml coconut water + 750 ml water), K2 = 50% (500 ml coconut water + 500 ml water), K3 = 75% (750 ml coconut water + 250 ml water) and (2) growth media (M) with 3 levels: M1 = soil + cow manure (1:1), M2 = soil + cow manure (2:1), M3 = soil + cow manure (3:1). Observation parameters were plant height, number of leave, number of bulbs, bulbs weight. The results showed that coconut water concentration had a significant effect on the number of tubers per clump and tuber wet weight, but had no significant effect on observations. plant height and number of leaves, the best treatment at K3 = 75% (750 ml coconut water + 250 ml water). The planting medium did not significantly affect the observations of plant height, number of leaves, number of tubers per clump and wet weight of tubers. The interaction between the concentration of coconut water and growing media did not have a significant effect on all observed variables.