Microplastics particle size affects cloth filter performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 102166
Author(s):  
Emenda Sembiring ◽  
Wa Ode Sitti Warsita Mahapati ◽  
Syarif Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Filter Performance ◽  
Cloth Filter

scholarly journals Influence of Particle and Grain Size on Sand Filtration: Effect on Head Loss and Turbidity

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Racha Medjda Bouchenak Khelladi ◽  
Abdelghani Chiboub Fellah ◽  
Maxime Pontié ◽  
Fatima Zohra Guellil
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Granular Media ◽  
Particle Concentration ◽  
Head Loss ◽  
Sand Filtration ◽  
Circular Column ◽  
Filter Performance ◽  
Filter Operation ◽  
Suspended Matters

Sand filtration is an eco-friendly method to treat either drinking water or wastewater ; it requires only natural granular media. It is also easy to use and to maintain ; the only problem they face is clogging that affects filter performance, that can be detected when head loss or turbidity increase. The purpose of this work is to see what are the factors that influence the performance of filter operation, for this, we used a pilot consisting on a circular column filled with sand (from South Algeria), where various parameters were tested; pressure, flow rate, sand granulometry, suspended matters and particle concentration of the water which is filtered. After eighteen weeks of operation, we have found that head loss increases by decreasing granulometry and increasing flow rate, pressure, particle size, and concentration. However, turbidity increases by decreasing particle size and increasing granulometry and particle concentration. Turbidity and head loss have different behaviour towards the same parameter; that is why it is necessary to take them into account in order to find a compromise between acceptable head loss / turbidity for a good functioning of the filter.

Tertiary filtration in small wastewater treatment plants

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 219-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Naddeo ◽  
V. Belgiorno
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Rotating Disk ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Particle Removal ◽  
Sand Filters ◽  
Filter Performance

Tertiary filtration can be proposed in small wastewater treatment plants with impact on protected water bodies. Rotating disk filters may be adopted, in respect to conventional sand filters, when low availability of space and low investment costs are the prevailing conditions. The overall objective of this research was to evaluate the filtration efficiency of rotating disk filters; to compare effectiveness with traditional sand filters; to analyse thoroughly the importance of particle size distribution in wastewater tertiary filtration. In the experimental activity, conventional wastewater quality parameters were investigated and particle size distribution (PSD) was characterized to discuss the filter effectiveness. The effect of design and operation parameters of tertiary filters were discussed related to particle removal curves derived from particles counts. Analysis of particle size distribution can be very useful to help comprehension of filtration processes, design of filtration treatments and to decide the best measures to improve filter performance.

scholarly journals Study on the determination of the parameters of the electric purifier

2021 ◽  
Vol 939 (1) ◽  
pp. 012023
Author(s):  
A S Berdyshev ◽  
Z Z Djumabayeva ◽  
A A Abdullaev ◽  
A Mussabekov
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Fluid Viscosity ◽  
Filter Performance ◽  
Magnetizing Force ◽  
Gap Height

Abstract The article is devoted to the determination of the parameters on which the filter performance depends on the hydrodynamic, electromagnetic and geometrical parameters of the fluid and pollution. These include fluid viscosity and flow rate, magnetizing force, particle size of contamination, gap height, and the distance between the turns.

Particle size analysis as a tool for performance measurements in high rate effluent filtration

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 303-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. J. M. van der Graaf ◽  
J. de Koning ◽  
J. Tang
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Particle Removal ◽  
Deep Bed Filtration ◽  
Filter Performance

In the Netherlands almost all wastewater treatment plants have been redesigned and adapted in order to remove nitrogen, phosphorus and suspended solids to a very low level. The improved effluent quality leads to a growing interest in the reuse of effluent of the modernised wastewater treatment plants. This again results in investigations on filtration techniques as deep bed filtration and membrane filtration. At the wastewater treatment plant Ede research was done on deep bed filtration in order to develop relations between particle removal and filter performance and to explore ways of optimization. The results of the experiments are rather typical for effluent of modern Dutch wastewater treatment plants. The very low concentrations of suspended solids and precipitable substances result in poor flocculating properties. From turbidity measurements it may be concluded that the best results were obtained with a dosage of flocculant. However, the particle size measurements indicated the opposite. Suspended solids calculations, based on the particle volume distributions, showed a better removal without a dosage of flocculant. From this it is concluded that a dosage of coagulant (Fe3+ or Al3+) has an adverse effect on the removal efficiencies even at low dosages (1 mg/l).

Evaluation of the Effects of Media Velocity on HEPA Filter Performance

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Alderman ◽  
Michael Parsons ◽  
Kristina Hogancamp ◽  
O. Perry Norton ◽  
Charles Waggoner
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Dynamic Testing ◽  
Media Technology ◽  
Filter Efficiency ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Static Testing ◽  
Filter Performance ◽  
The Media ◽  
Effects Of Media

Section FC of the ASME AG-1 Code addresses glass fiber HEPA filters and restricts the media velocity to a maximum of 2.54 cm/s (5 ft/min). Advances in filter media technology allow glass fiber HEPA filters to function at significantly higher velocities and still achieve HEPA performance. However, diffusional capture of particles < 100 nm is reduced at higher media velocities due to shorter residence times within the media matrix. Therefore, it is unlikely that higher media velocities for HEPA filters will be allowed without data to demonstrate the effect of media velocity on removal of particles in the smaller size classes. In order to address this issue, static testing has been conducted to generate performance related data and a range of dynamic testing has provided data regarding filter lifetimes, loading characteristics, changes in filter efficiency and the most penetrating particle size over time. Testing was conducted using 31 cm × 31 cm × 29 cm deep pleat HEPA filters supplied from two manufacturers. Testing was conducted at media velocities ranging from 2.0–4.5 cm/s with a solid aerosol challenge composed of potassium chloride. Two set of media velocity data were obtained for each filter type. In one set of evaluations, the maximum aerosol challenge particle size was limited to 3 μm, while particles above 3 μm were not constrained in the second set. This provided for considerable variability in the challenge mass mean diameter and overall mass loading rate. Results of this testing will be provided to the ASME AG-1 FC Committee for consideration in future versions of the HEPA standard. In general, the initial filter efficiency decreased with increasing media velocity. However, initial filter efficiencies were generally good in all cases. Filter efficiency values averaged over the first ten minute of the loading cycle ranged from 99.970 to 99.996%. Additionally, the most penetrating particle size was observed to decrease with increasing media velocity, with initial values ranging from 194 to 134 nm.

HEPA Filter Performance Under Adverse Conditions

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Parsons ◽  
Kristina Hogancamp ◽  
Steven Alderman ◽  
Charles Waggoner
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Filter Function ◽  
Filter Performance ◽  
The Media ◽  
Effect Of Particle Size

This study involved challenging nuclear grade high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters under a variety of conditions that can arise in Department of Energy (DOE) applications such as: low or high RH, controlled and uncontrolled challenge, and filters with physically damaged media or seals (i.e., leaks). Reported findings correlate filter function as measured by traditional differential pressure techniques in comparison with simultaneous instrumental determination of up and down stream PM concentrations. Additionally, emission rates and failure signatures will be discussed for filters that have either failed or exceeded their usable lifetime. Significant findings from this effort include the use of thermocouples up and down stream of the filter housing to detect the presence of moisture. Also demonstrated in the moisture challenge series of tests is the effect of repeated wetting of the filter. This produces a phenomenon referred to as transient failure before the tensile strength of the media weakens to the point of physical failure. An evaluation of the effect of particle size distribution of the challenge aerosol on loading capacity of filters is also included. Results for soot and two size distributions of KCl are reported. Loading capacities for filters ranged from approximately 70 g of soot to nearly 900 g for the larger particle size distribution of KCl.

Particle size distribution and wastewater filter performance

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 217-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Kaminski ◽  
Nicolae Vescan ◽  
Avner Adin
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Filter Performance ◽  
Natural Lakes ◽  
Size Groups ◽  
Filter Operation ◽  
Power Law Function ◽  
And Function

Particle size distribution (PSD) allows more accurate simulations of filtration models and better understanding of filter performance. PSD in municipal activated sludge effluent filtration is determined, varying filtration rate, grain size, flocculant type and dosage and function parameters are examined in this work. Results show, that removal efficiency varies for different size groups: small particles in the range of 5-10 μm in initialization stage, with no chemical aids, are poorly removed. Higher rate filters were more sensitive to the particle size than lower rate filters. Filtration with chemical aids is more sensitive to filtration conditions than filtration with no chemical additions. Particle size distribution in filtrate generally fits power law function behavior better than in raw effluent. The treatment smoothens the function somewhat. In a similar manner to the effect of settling in tanks or in natural lakes. Degree of correlation to power law function may indicate the mode of filter operation: high - working stage, low - breakthrough stage. β may also reflect on filters performance: high values - initial filtration stages. Decrease in β values - cycle progress towards breakthrough. Low β values, with low PSD correlation to power law function, may indicate low filtration efficiency or breakthrough.

Filter Performance Degradation of Electrostatic N95 and P100 Filtering Facepiece Respirators by Dioctyl Phthalate Aerosol Loading

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 155892501300800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samy Rengasamy ◽  
Adam Miller ◽  
Evanly Vo ◽  
Benjamin C. Eimer
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Dioctyl Phthalate ◽  
Occupational Safety And Health ◽  
Particulate Filters ◽  
Filter Performance ◽  
Certification Testing ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Electrostatic Filter ◽  
Maximum Penetration

Polydisperse dioctyl phthalate (DOP) aerosols are employed for testing filter penetration with loading of R- and P-series particulate filters for National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) certification. Penetration for filters must not exceed NIOSH allowed maximum levels during the entire loading of 200 mg DOP indicating no filter degradation. Degradation of respirators loaded with DOP by other aerosols as well as respirators exposed to both oil and non-oil aerosols found in some workplaces is not well studied. To better understand the degradation of respirators with electrostatic filter media, two models of N95 and P100 filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) were loaded with polydisperse DOP aerosols up to 200 mg as employed for NIOSH certification testing with simultaneous measurement of filter penetration. In parallel experiments, both N95 and P100 FFRs were loaded with 10 to 200 mg DOP and challenged with polydisperse NaCl aerosol employed for NIOSH certification testing as well as monodisperse NaCl aerosol, and filter penetration was measured. Results showed that filter penetration for both N95 models increased with increasing amounts of DOP loading and exceeded NIOSH allowed maximum penetration (5%) by both DOP and NaCl aerosols indicating filter degradation. Monodisperse NaCl aerosols (20–400 nm) gradually increased the penetration and shifted the most penetrating particle size from ~40 nm to larger sizes. In the case of P100 FFRs, DOP aerosol penetration was below 0.03% for up to 200 mg DOP loading as required for NIOSH certification. Interestingly, one of the two P100 FFR models loaded with 10–50 mg DOP showed >0.03% penetration with polydisperse, as well as monodisperse, NaCl aerosol testing. Overall, the results obtained in the study indicate that some P100 models loaded with DOP at lower amounts may show higher penetration with other aerosols such as NaCl. Further studies are needed to better understand the filter degradation of DOP loaded respirators.

scholarly journals The Selection Process and Comparative Air Filter Performance Testing for Combustion Turbine Inlet Air Filters

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dave Gidley ◽  
Frederick M. Fritz ◽  
Henry H. S. Yu
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Air Filters ◽  
Air Filter ◽  
Filter Performance ◽  
Turbine Inlet ◽  
Standard Tests

Designers, OEM’s and Users have available to them a variety of standard air filter performance tests that can be used and currently are being used to specify inlet air filters for combustion turbines. These standard tests for the most part have been developed for the heating, ventilating and air conditioning industry using developed synthetic dust that simulates an air composition comprised of mostly recirculated air blended with outdoor make-up air. Other available standard tests and standard test dusts have been developed for diesel and gasoline powered engines. To our knowledge no standard air filter test method has been developed for filters to be used on combustion turbine air intakes using typical outdoor air. In our opinion, a standard test relating to 100% outdoor air, pressure drop rise over time, particle size and the particle size distribution most commonly recorded at combustion turbine installation sites would be beneficial in specifying and selecting the “best” filter for todays’ combustion turbine applications. This paper will review and compare the various air filter tests currently used for combustion turbine inlet filtration selection and recommend an all-inclusive test standard that could be used in the future.

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