Pelatihan Bahasa Rusia Untuk Meningkatkan Kinerja TNI AD Dalam Bidang Helikopter Seri MI

TNI AD memiliki helikopter seri MI yang diproduksi di Rusia. Helikopter ini digunakan untuk kepentingan pengiriman logistik, pengantaran dan penjemputan anggota TNI AD yang bertugas di Indonesia bagian Timur, transportasi bagi orang-orang yang mengalami kecelakaan baik kecelakaan kerja maupun yang terkena musibah. Helikopter ini merupakan helikopter tercanggih di kelasnya karena bisa mengangkut pasien-pasien dalam posisi berbaring sebanyak 12 orang. Helikopter ini sangat membantu TNI AD dalam melaksanakan tugas-tugas yang berada di daerah-daerah terpencil khususnya daerah-daerah yang sulit dijangkau alat transportasi lain, seperti Papua. Semua keterangan yang terdapat baik di dalam helikopter maupun buku-buku manual ditulis dalam Bahasa Rusia. Oleh karena itu anggota TNI AD yang bekerja di bidang helikopter ini wajib mempelajari bahasa Rusia. Base camp helikopter ini terdapat di Semarang dan di Jakarta. Dengan demikian kesatuan yang menangani helikopter ini selalu mengirim para anggotanya untuk mempelajari bahasa Rusia. Pelatihan diadakan di pusat pendidikan yang bertempat di Cimahi. Peserta pelatihan sebanyak 12 orang yang terdiri dari 2 orang pilot 2 orang co-pilot, 6 orang teknisi, dan 2 orang dari bagian pemeriksa suku cadang. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan Grammar translation method, oral approach, lexical approach. Hasil yang diperoleh dari kegiatan ini adalah sebanyak 8 orang mampu berkomunikasi, menulis, serta membaca dan paham bahasa Rusia, 2 orang hanya mampu berkomunikasi secara terbata-bata dan membaca memahami teks memerlukan waktu yang lebih lama, dan 2 orang lainnya tidak berhasil sama sekali.

Medical Care at California Wildfire Incident Base Camps

Objective: The California Emergency Medical Services Authority manages and deploys California Medical Assistance Teams (CAL-MAT) to disaster medical incidents in the state. This analysis reviews diagnoses for ambulatory medical visits at multiple wildland fire incident base camp field sites in California during the 2020 fire season. Methods: Clinical data without personal health information were extracted retrospectively from patient care records from all patients seen by a provider. Results were entered into Excel spreadsheets with calculation of summary statistics. Results: During the 2020 fire season, CAL-MAT teams deployed 21 times for a total of 327 days to base camps supporting large fire incidents and cared for 1756 patients. Impacts of heat and environmental smoke are a constant factor near wildfires; however, our most common medical problem was rhus dermatitis (54.5%) due to poison oak. All 2020 medical missions were further complicated by prevention and management of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Conclusions: There is very little literature regarding the acute medical needs facing responders fighting wildland fires. Ninety-five percent of clinical conditions presenting to a field medical team at the wildfire incident base camp during a severe fire season in California can be managed by small teams operating in field tents.

Siting military base camps through an MCDA framework

The process used to determine site suitability for military base camps lacks a formal framework for reducing relative risks to soldier safety and maximise mission effectiveness. Presently, military personnel responsible for determining site suitability of a base camp must assess large amounts of geographic, socioeconomic and logistical data, without a decision analysis framework to aid in the process. By adopting a multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) framework to determine site suitability of base camps, battlespace commanders can make better, more defensible decisions. This paper surveys US Army officers with recent base camp experience to develop a set of initial criteria and weights relevant to base camp site selection. The developed decision framework is demonstrated using an MCDA methodology in an illustrative example to compare alternative base camp locations within a designated Area of Interest (AoI). Leveraging the site ranking output and/or criteria weights resulting from the methodology provides decision-making support that can be used in the field when time, resources and data may not be readily available.

Siting military base camps through an MCDA framework

The process used to determine site suitability for military base camps lacks a formal framework for reducing relative risks to soldier safety and maximise mission effectiveness. Presently, military personnel responsible for determining site suitability of a base camp must assess large amounts of geographic, socioeconomic and logistical data, without a decision analysis framework to aid in the process. By adopting a multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) framework to determine site suitability of base camps, battlespace commanders can make better, more defensible decisions. This paper surveys US Army officers with recent base camp experience to develop a set of initial criteria and weights relevant to base camp site selection. The developed decision framework is demonstrated using an MCDA methodology in an illustrative example to compare alternative base camp locations within a designated Area of Interest (AoI). Leveraging the site ranking output and/or criteria weights resulting from the methodology provides decision-making support that can be used in the field when time, resources and data may not be readily available.

COVID-19 Operational Response Cell for the III Marine Expeditionary Force: An Interview With Navy Nurse LT Dana Brackup, NC, USN

ABSTRACT During the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, overseas military bases faced unique challenges to preserve force health protection while simultaneously caring for military beneficiaries. The response to the rapidly evolving challenges surrounding transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in Okinawa, Japan, required innovative solutions. One innovative solution was the COVID-19 Operational Response Cell established at Camp Courtney, Marine Corps Base Camp Smedley D. Butler. This interview describes the COVID-19 Response Cell operations and essential lessons learned by a Navy Nurse Corps officer working with III Marine Expeditionary Force, a forward-deployed force in the U.S. Indo-Pacific Command.

Triggering Mechanisms of Gayari Avalanche, Pakistan

A massive snow avalanche occurred on April, 2012 at Gayari, located in NE part of Pakistan, close to India and China Border. The catastrophic avalanche killed nearly 148 people, majority of which were Pakistan army personnel destroying army base camp. To mitigate its future hazard, different triggering mechanisms have been investigated in this study. We contemplate that the avalanche was triggered due to snow pack existence on favorable slope in combination with different meteorological conditions and anomalous ground vibration. The avalanche occurrence clock was advanced by two earthquakes: M4.1 at a distance ∼ 125 km that occurred about 21 hours before and another comparatively larger (M5.6) earthquake that occurred comparatively at larger distance (∼ 370 km) and longer time (∼ 25 days) before which have significantly changed the loading conditions. The latter event (M 5.6) has imparted maximum peak dynamic stress and cumulative seismic moment a month before the avalanche. Interestingly the avalanche occurred within the seismic coda of M2.8 earthquake from Hindu Kush region, located at 560 km distance. Although the size and its expected impact on avalanche might be minor but its role in instantaneous triggering cannot be ruled out. Even smaller events at larger distance have been reported to cause snow avalanches in same environments. The presence of cracks within the avalanche, were further weaken by persistence of extremely low temperature (lowest in the past decade), causing high precipitation rate along with altering the mechanical properties of the weak layer within the snow pack. Robust wind pressure pattern highest and lowest in March and April, 2012 respectively might be responsible for abrupt changes in loading conditions.

EVALUASI PENERAPAN SISTEM SPESIFIKASI UMUM 2010 (REVISI 3) PADA PELAKSANAAN PROYEK JALAN DI KABUPATEN GIANYAR

Pembangunan proyek jalan masih banyak mengalami kendala penerapan spesifikasi umum 2010 (revisi 3) oleh penyedia jasa, hasil yang diharapkan tidak sesuai dengan mutu pekerjaan yang di isyaratkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi terhadap hasil pekerjaan dengan mengetahui penyimpangan dan kegagalan kontraktor untuk memenuhi ketentuan spesifikasi pada divisi 3 sampai dengan divisi 7 yang sering mengalami ketidak sesuaian pada spesifikasi umum 2010. Metode pada penelitian ini menggunakana survey dan kuesioner. Responden dipilih berdasarkan purvosive sampling kemudian dianalisa dengan metode sebab akibat (fishbone Analysis) dan Root Cause Analysis (RCA). pekerjaan yang mengalami kendala ketidasuaian didominasi pekerjaan galian lapis pondasi agregat (95,83%) diikuti dengan pekerjaan galian dan campuran beraspal panas (83,33%), pasangan batu (75%), pekerjaan pelebaran dan perkerasan (70,83%). Kendala yang terjadi karena kurang tegasnya team dari kotraktor untuk melakukan metode pekerjaan, kordinasi kepada masyarakat yang membutuhkan waktu lama, kurangnya pengawasan di base camp dan membeli dari supplier yang membuat campuran berbeda saat bahan sampai di lokasi proyek. Upaya pencegahan yang dilakukan yaitu kontraktor agar bekerja sesuai spesifikasi dan metode kerja untuk mencapai mutu, harus di lakukan kordinasi dan kesepakatan antara PDAM, Desa, dan kontraktor sebelum di lakukan galian, apabila terkena galian tidak meminta ganti rugi, pemilihan bahan harus tepat, dan peningkatan quality control di quarry, baik untuk material, komposisi untuk mencapai spesifikasi yang diminta (PI, CBR, abrasi, ukuran butir), kordinasi atau bersurat, melakukan sosialisasi dan membuat kesepakatan kerja sama.

Observations of Winter Ablation on Glaciers in the Mount Everest Region in 2020–2021

Recent observations of rising snow lines and reduced snow-covered areas on glaciers during the October 2020–January 2021 period in the Nepal–China region of Mount Everest in Landsat and Sentinel imagery highlight observations that significant ablation has occurred in recent years on many Himalayan glaciers in the post-monsoon and early winter periods. For the first time, we now have weather stations providing real-time data in the Mount Everest region that may sufficiently transect the post-monsoon snow line elevation region. These sensors have been placed by the Rolex National Geographic Perpetual Planet expedition. Combining in situ weather records and remote sensing data provides a unique opportunity to examine the impact of the warm and dry conditions during the 2020 post-monsoon period through to the 2020/2021 winter on glaciers in the Mount Everest region. The ablation season extended through January 2021. Winter (DJF) ERA5 reanalysis temperature reconstructions for Everest Base Camp (5315 m) for the 1950–February 2021 period indicate that six days in the January 10–15 period in 2021 fell in the top 1% of all winter days since 1950, with January 13, January 14, and January 12, being the first, second, and third warmest winter days in the 72-year period. This has also led to the highest freezing levels in winter for the 1950–2021 period, with the January 12–14 period being the only period in winter with a freezing level above 6000 m.