Methodology of Analysing Geodetic Network as Basis for Developing Mobile Application for Its Ongoing Update

The final result of surveys largely depends on the accuracy and timeliness of the control network. This research paper presents the relationship between the condition of the points and the area where they are located. The main goal of this study is to present the methodology of a detailed analysis of the database of vertical control points in a selected area that is used to develop a mobile application intended for the update of the existing set of points of the vertical control network on an ongoing basis. In order to prepare the mobile application for the ongoing update of the control network, it is necessary to define detailed procedures for dealing with the database of points. These procedures concern the determination of the methodology of making an inventory of the existing database, and then the determination of the rules for updating the control network using the developed application.

MPC Based Semi-active Suspension Control for Overtaking Maneuvers

In this paper, the lateral and vertical control design is presented for autonomous vehicles. The vertical control of the vehicle is based on a semi-active suspension system. In the first step, a decision-making process is made. Based on the results of this algorithm an optimal trajectory is planned. Since the trajectory is known, the lateral accelerations can be computed for the given control horizon. In the second step, the vertical control is achieved, which uses the results of the trajectory planning algorithms. The control design is made by a Model Predictive Control (MPC), in which the sign and the maximum value of the additional force can be taken into account. The main goal in the vertical control process is vehicle roll angle minimization. The results of the algorithm are validated using a high fidelity vehicle dynamics simulation software, CarMaker.

Multiple incompatible datum points identification in vertical control network for high-speed railway based on likelihood ratio test

The high-speed railway (HSR) surveying system in China has developed into a modern large-scale precision surveying system with multi-stage structure, large scale, and high precision and reliability requirements. The effective control of the surveying data quality in each stage and each link is a complex but important issue in the processing of surveying data. However, as an important part of surveying system, the study on the data quality control of vertical control network has not attracted as much attention as that of plane control network. Constrained adjustment is the essential link of surveying data processing of HSR vertical control network to obtain the height of new control points. Before that, in addition to the gross errors checking of observations, the compatibility diagnosis of datum points should also be an important step, which is often neglected in practice. In this paper, the likelihood ratio (LR) test with the highest power among all the competitors for simple hypotheses problem is extended to solve the problem of composite hypothesis, resulting in a new multiple incompatible datum points identification strategy (ICDPI-LR). With a benchmark along route control network and a CPIII vertical control network as the example, the performance of the proposed method is demonstrated, and showing the importance and necessity of the identification of incompatible datum points in vertical control network for HSR.

The Medicine Supply System of the Qing Court

To secure the supply of medicinal products for the Qing palace, the court took a series of measures to mobilize several institutions to participate in the operation. The operation resulted in a comprehensive, flexible, and multivariate supply system. Although many offices were involved in the system, all of them were under imperial control. The central government’s strong vertical control over the regional societies facilitated the smooth operation of the system. The collaboration of various institutions ensured the functioning of medicinal projects for the Qing court.

Considerations for vertical control with microimplants in a idiopathic condylar resorption patient: A case report

Idiopathic condylar resorption (ICR) is a rare, destructive temporomandibular joint disease characterised by progressive resorption of the condyles. This case report presents a record of an orthodontically treated patient with ICR with favourable posttreatment remodelling of the condyles. An 18-year-old woman sought treatment for ICR. A severe Class II high-angle facial pattern with resorption of bilateral condyles was evident. The treatment plan was determined after careful examination of condylar radiographs and comprised forward rotation of the mandible through full-arch intrusion with microimplants after extraction of the four premolars. The treatment was completed in 35 months, and the patient was noted to have a straight profile, good interdigitation and slightly increased condylar volume. Two years after retention, the condyles were stable, and the patient’s profile and occlusion remained acceptable despite a mild relapse of the mandibular position. ICR was successfully corrected with orthodontic treatment. Counter-clockwise mechanics applied during the ICR remission period not only improved facial aesthetics but were also suitable for condylar unloading.

Smart city of the 22 century: a closing circle

Communications of people or devices eliminate the basic principles of vertical control. New technological breakthroughs based on the energy Internet will change the way people interact with each other and the environment. This brings them together with living organisms. In the world of nature, all life processes take place on the principle of a "closing circle". The "smart" city of the XX century will be built according to completely new energy, and economic models and ways of interacting with the nature. Digital urban development of the future should involve biosphere content.

Maxillary protraction and vertical control utilizing skeletal anchorage for midfacial-maxillary deficiency

ABSTRACT Introduction: The efficacy and efficiency of early treatment of skeletal Class III patients with facemask therapy are well-documented; however, very few cases for adolescents or adults were reported. Objective: The aim of this case report was to demonstrate skeletal and dental correction of a post-pubertal-growth-spurt patient whose malocclusion consisted of a skeletal Class III with slight transverse deficiency, a high mandibular plane angle, and a retrusive maxillary complex. Case report: A 13-year-5-months old Hispanic female was diagnosed as a retrognathic maxilla and mandible, a high mandibular plane angle, open bite pattern, a bilateral Angle Class I molar relationship with an anterior crossbite on the maxillary lateral incisors. A TAD-supported Haas rapid palatal expander was utilized for maxillary protraction combined with a facemask, vertical control, and maxillary molar distalization with fixed appliance. Results: The total treatment time was 26 months. An improved facial profile with maxillary lip support and more prominent cheeks was established. Adequate vertical control prevented a change in the mandibular plane angle even though facemask treatment can increase the vertical dimension. After the 18-month retention, excellent stability of the treatment results was shown. Conclusion: With skeletal anchorage and facemask treatment, orthodontists have the ability of expanding and protracting the maxilla without tipping maxillary molars buccally and without the risk of unfavorable periodontal consequences. A TAD-supported Haas rapid palatal expander allowed to control the vertical dimension and distalize molars, while minimizing undesired consequences.