Humanističke transformacije u predavanju Ilije Crijevića o Properciju

There are four surviving humanistic lectures of Ilija Crijević (1463-1520); one of them is the Praelectio in explicationem elegiarum Propertii (c. 1500?). An analysis of the contents, quotations and sources in the lecture shows open and hidden strategies of cultural transfers and transformations. In the reference sphere of the lecture there are a number of distinguished authors – Plato, Ausonius, Ovid, Claudian, Silius Italicus, Cicero; Filippo Beroaldo the Elder (1453–1505), Angelo Poliziano (1454–1494), Michele Marullo (1458–1500); the contemporary humanists remain hidden in the lecture, used, but not named. The rhetorical philology and philological rhetoric of Ilija Crijević turn out to be a virtuosic individual realisation of the trend noted throughout Dalmatia during the Renaissance.

Profile Measurement Using Confocal Chromatic Probe on Ultrahigh Precision Machine Tool

An on-machine measurement (OMM) system is an effective apparatus for achieving an efficient profile compensation and improving machining conditions in ultrahigh precision machining. Herein, we report a new OMM system with a confocal chromatic probe on a five-axis ultrahigh precision machine tool constructed using a real-time position capturing method. The probe and machine tool positions are captured synchronously using a personal computer to generate profile measurement data. Long- and short-term stability, micro step response, and repeatability tests using an optical flat indicates that the system has a precision of approximately ±10 nm. The profile measurement test using a reference sphere indicates that the precision of the OMM system deteriorated at a large slope angle of ±45°. However, the overall accuracy is estimated to be within ±100 nm at a slope angle within ±15°. The linearity test at various slope angles indicates that the decrease in reflected light from a mirror-like surface deteriorates the performance of the probe.

Identification Method of Error Motions and Geometric Errors of a Rotary Axis by R-Test

While evaluating the accuracy of high-precision machine tools, it is critical to reduce the error factors contributing to the measured results as much as possible. This study aims to evaluate both the error motions and geometric errors of the rotary axis without considering the influence of motion error of the linear axis. In this study, only the rotary axis is moved considering two different settings of a reference sphere, and the linear axes are not moved. The motion accuracy of the rotary axis is measured using the R-test device, both the error motions and geometric errors of the rotary axis are identified from the measurement results. Moreover, the identified geometric errors are verified for correctness via measurement with an intentional angular error. The results clarify that the proposed method can identify the error motions and geometric errors of a rotary axis correctly. The method proposed in this study can thus be effective for evaluating the motion accuracy of the rotary axis and can contribute to further improvement of the accuracy of the rotary table.

Istota i znaczenie (funkcje) zasad postępowania sądowoadministracyjnego

There are two main platforms on which the role and importance of the principles of procedural law can be observed. One concerns the basic functions played by these principles, i.e. the function that orders the process, the function that shapes the process model, the interpretative function and the cognitive function. The other platform concerns the reference sphere i.e. a sphere to which these principles are or may be of importance owing to the functions they have. Thus it comprises the sphere of making and enforcing law and its criticism, the law teaching and researching sphere, the practical sphere, the political-ideological sphere and last but not least the sphere of codifi ed and non-codifi ed law. This division however is not absolute. There exists, for example, convergence between the sphere of law enforcement and law practice as well as between the sphere of law criticism and law teaching or researching. A similar convergence may be observed between the law making and the political-ideological spheres. The two platforms cross over and create meeting points in which individual functions of principles in relevant reference spheres may be marked. At the law-making stage, the ordering function harmonises legal solutions adopted in a legislative act whereas at the law-enforcement stage it facilitates construction of a legal text. The shaping of a model of proceedings in administrative courts by principles means that these principles make it possible to determine the structure of institutions and procedural solutions in proceedings before administrative courts, while the interpretative function occurs only in the sphere of law enforcement and criticism. The cognitive function is mainly signifi cant for the law teaching and researching sphere, but also for the law practice, including criticism.

Istota i znaczenie (funkcje) zasad postępowania sądowoadministracyjnego

There are two main platforms on which the role and importance of the principles of procedural law can be observed. One concerns the basic functions played by these principles, i.e. the function that orders the process, the function that shapes the process model, the interpretative function and the cognitive function. The other platform concerns the reference sphere i.e. a sphere to which these principles are or may be of importance owing to the functions they have. Thus it comprises the sphere of making and enforcing law and its criticism, the law teaching and researching sphere, the practical sphere, the political-ideological sphere and last but not least the sphere of codifi ed and non-codifi ed law. This division however is not absolute. There exists, for example, convergence between the sphere of law enforcement and law practice as well as between the sphere of law criticism and law teaching or researching. A similar convergence may be observed between the law making and the political-ideological spheres. The two platforms cross over and create meeting points in which individual functions of principles in relevant reference spheres may be marked. At the law-making stage, the ordering function harmonises legal solutions adopted in a legislative act whereas at the law-enforcement stage it facilitates construction of a legal text. The shaping of a model of proceedings in administrative courts by principles means that these principles make it possible to determine the structure of institutions and procedural solutions in proceedings before administrative courts, while the interpretative function occurs only in the sphere of law enforcement and criticism. The cognitive function is mainly signifi cant for the law teaching and researching sphere, but also for the law practice, including criticism.

A Simple Integrated Geometrical Error Model for Laser Tracer

Geometrical errors of 2D gimbal mount axes are studied for laser tracer for the sake of realizing rapid detection for numerical control equipment. The high precision reference sphere, which serves as the reflection unit and is set on the base, avoids the influence on measurement accuracy caused by the movements of rotatory axes, and ensures that laser tracer owns large tracing angle. The nonlinear coupling relationship between the geometrical errors and the measurement accuracy of laser tracer is analyzed; the integrated geometrical error model of 2D gimbal mount axes and laser interferometry system is established; the error map of the measuring system is brought. The simulation results demonstrate that the measurement error of the laser tracer is certain and unique after the value and direction of all the geometrical errors determined.