Orthoamide und Iminiumsalze, IIIC. Weitere Ergebnisse bei der Umsetzung von Orthoamiden der Alkincarbonsäuren mit CH2- und CH2/NH-aciden Verbindungen

The 1,1-bis(dimethylamino)-1,3-butadienes (keten aminals) 11a–l are prepared from orthoamide derivatives of alkyne carbonxylic acids 9b, d, e, i and CH2-acidic compounds 10a–c, f–h, k, o. The C-silylated orthoamide derivative 9c shows an ambivalent behaviour towards CH-acidic compounds. Reactions of 9c with strong CH2-acidic compounds like the nitro alkanes 10m, n and strongly enolized carbonyl compounds as methyl acetoacetate, cyanoacetamide, dibenzoylmethane, 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid proceed under desilylation to give the ketene aminals 11u–z. In contrast to these reactions, the C-silylated ketene aminals 11o–t are obtained from 9c and weaker CH2-acidic compounds as dimethyl malonate, cyanoacetic acid derivatives and benzylcyanides. CH2/NH2-acidic compounds [cyanoacetamide (10d) and N-ethyl-cyanoacetamide (10f)] react with the orthoamide derivatives 9b, e–g at the acidic carbon-hydrogen bond to give the ketene aminals 11ac, ad, af, ag, ai, which cyclize to the pyridones 14a–d, d–g on heating. From the reaction of the orthoamide 9d with cyanoacetamide the pyridone 14c results directly. The persubstituted pyridone derivative 19 is formed by the reaction of cyanoacetamide with a mixture of the isomeric orthoamides 15 and 16. The 5,5-diamino-2,4-pentadienamide 11v attacks the orthoamide 9a at C3/C1. In the product 20 a cross conjugated multiple bond system is formed which contains an 1-aza-2,3-diamino function and a further ketene aminal function.

Між карнавалом і смертю. Львівський досвід 1939–1941 років

Concerning carnival and death: Lviv between 1939 and 1941The author of this article focuses on the distinctive cultural situation in Lviv between 1939 and 1941. In October 1939, the process of merging of writers from three ethnic groups Polish, Ukrainians and Jewish into a single organization called The Union of Soviet Writers began. Such a situation can be interpreted with the help of Bakhtin’s theory of carnival, especially while talking about the ambivalent behaviour of anti-communist writers. From another point of view, the main characteristics of the situation were fear, horror, and death threat, which each author experienced in his own way. The author of this article analyzes the memoirs of Ukrainian and Polish writers to portray this unexampled period and the repression of creative individuality by totalitarian authorities. Между карнавалом и смертью. Львовский опыт 1939–1941 годовВ статье освещается исключительная культурная ситуация, сложившаяся во Львове в период 1939–1941 годов. В октябре 1939 года начинается процесс объединения писателей трёх группировок польских, украинских и еврейских в единую организацию — Союз советских писателей. Ситуацию того времени имеет смысл интерпретировать в свете категории бахтинского карнавала. С одной стороны, это касается амбивалентной позиции писателей-антикоммунистов. С другой стороны, ее характеризует состояния боязни, ужаса и угрозы гибели, которые каждый по-своему переживали участники литературной жизни. На основании воспоминаний польских и украинских писателей можем оценить беспрецедентность момента, а также прессинг тоталитарной системы на творческую индивидуальность писателя.

Does Anybody Read SMS-Advertising?

This study explores mobile users’ perceptions about SMS advertising. The empirical study uses a double methodology. First, a qualitative study using the Q-method is conducted. Qualitative analysis reveals that negative attitudes are commonly shared, and that ad-clutter is perceived critically. Therefore, in a second step, a quantitative study is adopted to assess the impact of attitudes towards SMS advertising and perceived ad-clutter on reading behaviour. The main test is conducted over a representative sample of 302 mobile owners. From a behavioural standpoint, the results show ambivalent behaviour in most cases. In particular, the role of perceived ad-clutter is ascertained. Implications for practice and directions for future research are discussed.

Does Anybody Read SMS-Advertising?

This study explores mobile users’ perceptions about SMS advertising. The empirical study uses a double methodology. First, a qualitative study using the Q-method is conducted. Qualitative analysis reveals that negative attitudes are commonly shared, and that ad-clutter is perceived critically. Therefore, in a second step, a quantitative study is adopted to assess the impact of attitudes towards SMS advertising and perceived ad-clutter on reading behaviour. The main test is conducted over a representative sample of 302 mobile owners. From a behavioural standpoint, the results show ambivalent behaviour in most cases. In particular, the role of perceived ad-clutter is ascertained. Implications for practice and directions for future research are discussed.