2021/14 End of the Achbita saga in Belgium: National judge rejects indirect discrimination and criticises duty to look for alternative position in case of refusal to comply with neutrality policy (BE)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-92
Author(s):  
Gautier Busschaert
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Discrimination ◽  
Alternative Position

SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN PRIORITAS LOKASI PERBAIKAN JALAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE AHP (ANALYICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS) DAN SAW (SIMPLE ADDITIVE WEIGHTING) STUDI KASUS KABUPATEN PASURUAN

Repositor ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Feny Aries Tanti ◽  
Galih Wasis Wicaksono ◽  
Agus Eko Minarno
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Hierarchy Process ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
The Road ◽  
Regional Budget ◽  
Program Calculation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Alternative Position ◽  
Simple Additive Weighting ◽  
Hierarchy Process

AbstrakJalan merupakan prasarana yang ada di darat untuk sektor sosial dan ekonomi. Kesadaran pemerintah dalam memperbaiki jalan yang rusak merupakan hal utama dalam anggaran daerah. Peningkatan jumlah lokasi jalan berkaitan dengan peningkatan jumlah perbaikan jalan yang akan dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan lokasi perbaikan jalan yang terbaik. Jalan yang diperbaiki berdasarkan dari beberapa alternatif posisi lokasi perbaikan jalan. Cara menetapkan lokasi perbaikan jalan dengan memberikan posisi peringkat alternatif berdasarkan kriteria yang sudah ditetapkan. Berdasarkan pertimbangan kriteria dapat diukur secara kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) dan SAW (Simple Additive Weighting). Berdasarkan hasil pengujian terhadap program sudah dapat digunakan. Hasil dari perhitungan program sudah sesuai dengan hasil perhitungan yang sudah dilakukan. Pengujian dilakukan terhadap 10 responden. Dengan sistem ini diharapkan membantu pihak Pekerjaan Umum (PU) Bina Marga untuk menentukan lokasi perbaikan jalan secara lebih objektif. Kata Kunci: Analytical Hierarchy Process, Simple Additive Weighting, Sistem Pendukung KeputusanAbstractThe road is a land-based infrastructure for the social and economic sectors. Government awareness in repairing a broken road is a key thing in a regional budget. The increasing number of road locations relates to the increasing number of road repairs to be made. The research aims to determine the location of the best road repairs. The repaired path is based off several alternative position of road repair location. How to set the road repair location by providing an alternate ranking position based on the criteria already set. Based on consideration criteria can be measured quantitatively by using AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) and SAW (Simple Additive Weighting). Based on the test results of the program can be used. The results of the program calculation are already in accordance with the calculated results. Testing was conducted against 10 respondents. This system is expected to assist the Public Works (PU) of Bina Marga to determine the location of road repairs in a more objective. Keyword: Analytical Hierarchy Process, Simple Additive Weighting, Decision Support System

Italy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delia Ferri
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Reasonable Accommodation ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Judicial Activism ◽  
Legal Capacity ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Indirect Discrimination ◽  
Legal Concepts ◽  
Domestic Law

Italy was among the first countries to sign the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) in 2007, and ratified it in 2009 by Law 18/2009. Since then, the Convention has displayed significant influence on case law, and provoked a degree of judicial activism. This chapter provides an overview of how Italian courts have used and interpreted the CRPD. It highlights how Italian lower and higher courts, including the Constitutional Court and the Court of Cassation, have attempted to overcome the gap between domestic law and the CRPD, by ‘rethinking’ legal concepts in light of the Convention. This is evident with regards to the field of legal capacity and the domestic provisions of the civil code on the ‘administration of support’, but also to non-discrimination legislation, the scope of which has been evidently enlarged to encompass the failure to provide reasonable accommodation as a form of indirect discrimination.

Intersectional Discrimination

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shreya Atrey
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Burden Of Proof ◽  
Intersectionality Theory ◽  
Indirect Discrimination ◽  
The Us ◽  
Treaty Body ◽  
The Eu

Why has intersectionality fallen by the wayside of discrimination law? Thirty years after Kimberlé Crenshaw coined the term ‘intersectionality’, discrimination lawyers continue to be plagued by this question across a range of jurisdictions, including the US, UK, South Africa, India, Canada, as well as the UN treaty body jurisprudence and the jurisprudence of the EU and the ECHR. Claimants continue to struggle to establish intersectional claims based on more than one ground of discrimination. This book renews the bid for realizing intersectionality in comparative discrimination law. It presents a juridical account of intersectional discrimination as a category of discrimination inspired by intersectionality theory, and distinct from other categories of thinking about discrimination including strict, substantial, capacious, and contextual forms of single-axis discrimination, multiple discrimination, additive discrimination as in combination or compound discrimination, and embedded discrimination. Intersectional discrimination, defined in these theoretical and categorial terms, then needs to be translated into doctrine, recalibrating each of the central concepts and tools of discrimination law to respond to it—including the text of non-discrimination guarantees, the idea of grounds, the test for analogous grounds, the distinction between direct and indirect discrimination, the substantive meaning of discrimination, the use of comparators, the justification analysis and standard of review, the burden of proof between parties, and the range of remedies available. With this, the book presents a granular account of intersectional discrimination in theoretical, conceptual, and doctrinal terms, and aims to transform discrimination law in the process of realizing intersectionality within its discourse.

Netiešā diskriminācija darba attiecībās

2021 ◽  
pp. 269-276
Author(s):  
Jurijs Mašošins
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Gender Difference ◽  
Equal Treatment ◽  
Employment Relationships ◽  
Direct Discrimination ◽  
Indirect Discrimination ◽  
The Many

A human person’s work plays a very important role in improving the quality of life, and therefore it is essential to ensure an equal treatment in the establishment, performance and termination of employment relationships. The purpose of this article is to look at so-called indirect discrimination problems in employment relationships. This type of discrimination can be found in cases where seemingly neutral circumstances put a group of people together on one of the many grounds of discrimination (most often the gender difference) in a particularly disadvantaged position in comparison to others. If direct discrimination arises as a result of the deliberate action of the employer, it may look indirect - without the employer being aware of it, and thus it can be difficult to prevent it. Cases where such neutral circumstances are objective and legally justified cannot be regarded as indirect discrimination.

scholarly journals Mercado de trabajo en el deporte y género: un estudio comparativo entre las condiciones de trabajo de las tituladas y los titulados en Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte por las universidades catalanas = Sport labor market and gender: a comparative study on working conditions of Physical Activity and Sport Science graduates by Catalan universities

2018 ◽  
pp. 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Pérez-Villalba ◽  
Anna Vilanova ◽  
Susanna Soler Prat
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Sport Science ◽  
Direct Discrimination ◽  
Indirect Discrimination ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

Resumen: El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar los yacimientos de inserción profesional y las condiciones laborales de las tituladas y los titulados en Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte (CAFyD) a través de un estudio comparativo entre sexos. Para ello, en el año 2013, se administró un cuestionario a un total de 1.000 personas egresadas en CAFyD por las universidades catalanes. Los resultados indican que no existe una discriminación directa en las condiciones de trabajo, para un mismo cargo mujeres y hombres presentan condiciones similares. En cambio, sí que se ha detectado una discriminación indirecta fruto de la carga social y cultural que afecta a las preferencias de las mujeres a la hora de escoger un determinado yacimiento de inserción.Abstract: This paper aims to analyse the sources of employment for university graduates in Physical Activity and Sport Science through a gender-based comparative study. With this objective, in 2013, a questionnaire was administered to total of 1,000 university graduates in Physical Activity and Sport Science from Catalan universities. The results indicate that there is no direct discrimination in working conditions, for a same position women and men share similar conditions. However, an indirect discrimination has been detected as a result of the social and cultural burden that affects the preferences of women when accessing and choosing a particular insertion field.

scholarly journals EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN ON THE LABOUR MARKET – THE GENDER PAY GAP WITHIN THE EU MEMBER STATES

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oana Ancuţa Stângaciu
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Equality Of Opportunity ◽  
Gender Pay Gap ◽  
Pay Gap ◽  
Member States ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Indirect Discrimination ◽  
The Eu

The actions taken for the promotion of the equality of opportunity between men and women and for eliminating the direct or the indirect discrimination apply to the field of employment as well as to the field of education, health, culture, information and the participation in the decision making process. Starting from one of the objectives of the Strategy for the equality of opportunity, being aware of the real situation of women participation compared to men participation to the economical and social life, this analysis offers a perspective on the equality of opportunity between men and women in the field of employment, seen based on the statistical data. Thus, in order to quantify this phenomenon using methods specific to the statistical analysis, we used the gender pay gap indicator pertaining to the EU member states per total economy, as well as per economical activities, and the research results show that on the EU level there are still significant gender pay gaps.

Multi-DMEs for alternative position, navigation and timing (A-PNT)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Xiao Liang ◽  
Carl Milner ◽  
Christophe Macabiau ◽  
Philippe Estival
Keyword(s):  
Global Navigation Satellite System ◽  
Measuring Equipment ◽  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Navigation Satellite ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Reference Area ◽  
Alternative Position ◽  
Alternate Source ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

Abstract Distance measuring equipment (DME/DME) as the main reversionary method provides alternative positioning, navigation and timing (A-PNT) services for use during a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) outage. Considering the geometry limitation of DME/DME, multi-DMEs with better geometry can be used to increase the accuracy and integrity performance of positioning. This paper discusses the opportunities and challenges related to use of multi-DMEs as an alternate source of positioning, navigation and timing. To support the performance for A-PNT, the basic idea is considering the existing installed equipment. In this paper, barometer altimeter and TACAN are used to help improve the performance of A-PNT provided by multi-DMEs both in accuracy and integrity. Based on the database of EUROCONTROL, the test results demonstrate that 79⋅7% of a reference area roughly matching with the continental European locations achieve RNP 1 using multi-DMEs when the DME measurement accuracy is 0⋅2 NM (95%). When the DME measurement accuracy is 0⋅1 NM (95%), 87⋅9% of the reference area can achieve RNP 1 using multi-DMEs. The usage of barometer/TACAN measurements aided multi-DMEs improves the performance of the accuracy and integrity monitoring.

Alternative Position Sensitive Photomultipliers

2016 ◽  
pp. 273-316
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Photomultiplier Tubes ◽  
Solid State Detectors ◽  
Alternative Position ◽  
Position Sensitive

In this chapter, alternative position sensitive vacuum and solid state detectors are described. We start with a description of the vacuum photomultiplier tubes and how they have evolved into solid state detectors. These devices are promising, but still fall short compared to gaseous detectors.

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