Use of Methods of Electronic Microscopy, Mass-Spectrometry and Roentgenospectral Electronic Probe Micro-Analyzer in Ecological and Analytical Studies. Elemental Composition of Blue Micro-Particles of Unknown Nature Observed in Suspended Substance of Lake Baikal

During the period from April till June, 2018, suspended substance of Baikal Lake water from depths up to 25 meters in various distance from the shore (up to 4,000 m) showed presence of hard particles of blue color in size up to 900 mkm of unknown nature with maximum numbers at the nearshore zone, resistant to mineral acids and combustion. The analysis using methods of electronic microscopy with spray application of conducting golden coating, field desorption with inductively connected plasma (mass-spectroscopy) roentgenospectral electronic probe micro-analyzer, along with investigation of the surfaces of the objects studied and the components distributed in them, showed a set of 68 elements entering the composition of the particles. The major composition is marked for Ti, Ca and Si. Comparatively high composition is found for high-density metals: Zn, Pb, Sb, Nb, Cu, As. Suppositions are made about the anthropogenic nature of the blue particles — in forms of products of agglomerating titanium with fuliginous phase, as well as in composition of sorbents on the basis of compounding of titanium and ship paints.

Dampak Penambangan Batubara Terhadap Kualitas Air Sungai Batang Manggilang di jorong Sebrang Pasar Kenagarian Manggilang Kabupaten 50 Kota

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak penambangan batubara terhadap kualitas air Sungai Batang Manggilang di Jorong Sebrang Kenagarian Manggilang Kabupaten 50 Kota. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen di lapangan yang dilanjutkan dengan analisis di laboratorium. Populasi dan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah air Sungai Batang Manggilang yang diambil dengan cara sampling acak sederhana. Teknik pengambilan sampel adalah Sampel Komposit, Uji Coba Instrumen, Pengolahan Hasil Test. Hasil penelitian adalah (1) Kondisi Fisika (Warna, rasa, bau, kekeruhan, suhu) didaerah kenagarian manggilang yang berada dekat sungai batang manggilang sesuai dengan uji laboratorium bahwa air sungai ini tidak memenuhi syarat untuk dipergunakan oleh masyarakat yang berada di sekitar hulu sungai batang manggilang. Karena sudah tercemari oleh dengan keberadaan tambang batu bara. (2) Kondisi Kimia ( pH, Zat tersuspensi, Besi (Fe) di daerah kenagarian manggilang sebrang pasar manggilang kabupaten 50 kota tidak memenuhi syarat sesuai yang ditetapkan mentri kesehatan no 492/PER/IV/tahun 2010. Sehingga hal ini sangat membahayakan bagi masyarakat yang menggunakan langsung air Sungai Batang Manggilang untuk keperluan sehari-hari.Kata Kunci: Dampak, Pertambangan Batubara, Kualitas AirThe research aims to determine the impact of coal mining on the water quality of Batang Manggilang River in Jorong Sebrang Kenagarian Manggilang Kabupaten 50 Kota. This type of research is an experimental research in the field followed by laboratory analysis. The population and sample used are simple random sampling. Sampling technique is Composite Samples, Test Instruments, Processing Test Results. The results of the research are (1) Physical Condition (Color, taste, odor, turbidity, temperature) in manggilang kenagarian area near manggilang rod river in accordance with laboratory test that the river water is not eligible for use by people around the river upstream manggilang. Because it is contaminated by the presence of coal mines. (2) Chemical condition (pH, suspended substance, iron (Fe) in kenagarian area manggilang sebrang manggilang market 50 municipal districts do not meet the requirements stipulated health minister no 492 / menkes / Physical Condition (Color, taste, odor, turbidity, temperature) in the kenagarian manggilang area near the river manggilang rod in accordance with laboratory tests that the river water is not eligible for use by people who are in the upper river rod manggilang.Key word: Impacts, Coal Mining, Water Quality

Preparation of Folate-Decorated Hydroxycamptothecin Nanoparticle Lyophilized Powder and its Antitumor Activity on Mice Bearing S180

Nanoparticle lyophilized powder of HCPT/CTS-TPP-FA was prepared with hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) as model drug, folate (FA) as targetting ligand, chitosan (CTS) as carrier, sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) as polyanion and mannitol as cryoprotectant. The antitumor activity of HCPT/CTS-TPP-FA on mice bearing S180 was investigated. The results indicated that the lyophilized powder dispersed quickly into homogeneous emulsion colloid without any suspended substance in distilled water, glucose injection and normal saline. HCPT/CTS-TPP-FA and HCPT/CTS-TPP could both inhibit the growth of S180 tumor cells of mice, and the difference is significant (P<0.01).The inhibition rate of HCPT/CTS-TPP-FA(52.91%) is better than that of HCPT/CTS-TPP(40.06%).

Discussion on the Mining Pollution and Geologic Background in Yinyang Sea at the Northeast Corner of Taiwan

The Yinyang Sea phenomenon in Liandong Bay at the northeast corner of Taiwan is regarded as being the result of pollution caused by ore refining by the Taiwan Metal Mining Corporation. The Taiwan Metal Mining Corporation has been closed since 1987; however, the phenomenon still exists. According to the research findings, the Yinyang Sea phenomenon in Liandong Bay is the result of natural weathering. The suspended substance in the bay is Fe (OH)3, which is not a pollutant announced by Environmental Protection Administration, and the Fe (OH)3is mostly caused by natural weathering reactions; this is why the Yinyang Sea phenomenon occurred before the foundation of the Taiwan Metal Mining Corporation and continues to occur 25 years after the closure of the mine. The distribution of various elements is not uniform, and the original geologic background values of many regions exceed present environmental standards. If the water quality and soil background data of different geologic environments in Taiwan are not investigated as soon as possible, the mining industry may be misrecognized as being responsible for environmental pollution due to unknown geologic anomalies, as Taiwan Metal Mining Corporation was, and this may cause meaningless disputes over economic development and environmental protection.

The Study of Axial Dynamic Backwashing Dual-Media Filter Experiment

According to the problem of polymeric compound appearing in oil field produced water, following by the changes of water quality characteristics that result in the polymeric compound accumulated in the filter tank which lead to the poor regeneration, being partly hardened and the losing, and the over standard of water quality, the study uses the technology of axial dynamic backwashing to back wash and regenerate the dual-media filter of walnut shell/quartz sand. The removal rate of oil content for filter materials reaches above 90% after backwashing. Simultaneously, cleaning the granular filter materials in filter bed achieves high removal rate of oil and suspended substance content, the average removal rate of oil content being 96.0% while the suspended substance 77.81% which greatly improved the water quality index.

Study on Integrated Restoration Technique for Eutrophic Artificial Lakes

In order to study the remedation technology of eutrophic artificial lake, an integrated restoration technique consisted of aquatic vegetation near lakesides, Effective Microorganisms (EM) , fingerlings and intermittent aeration system was constructed in Guilin City, Guangxi of China. The results indicated that the removal rates of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD),total nitrogen (TN),total phosphorus (TP),suspended substance (SS) and turbidity achieved by this kind of technique were 63.14%~77.10%,54.18%~60.54%,85.76%~87.98%,82.36%,79.28% respectively, and the coverage ratio of duckweed decreases from 90% to 10%. Compared with conventional wastewater treatment systems, the integrated restoration technique do not cause secondary pollution, and has an obvious effect, especially it can maintain good water quality for a long time.