Europan Molecular Indicators of Life Investigation (EMILI) for a Future Europa Lander Mission

The Europan Molecular Indicators of Life Investigation (EMILI) is an instrument concept being developed for the Europa Lander mission currently under study. EMILI will meet and exceed the scientific and technical/resource requirements of the organic composition analyzer identified as a core instrument on the Lander. EMILI tightly couples two complementary analytical techniques, based on 1) liquid extraction and processing with capillary electrophoresis and 2) thermal and chemical extraction with gas chromatography, to robustly detect, structurally characterize, and quantify the broadest range of organics and other Europan chemicals over widely-varying concentrations. Dual processing and analysis paths enable EMILI to perform a thorough characterization of potential molecular biosignatures and contextual compounds in collected surface samples. Here we present a summary of the requirements, design, and development status of EMILI with projected scientific opportunities on the Europa Lander as well as on other potential life detection missions seeking potential molecular biosignatures in situ.

Ion energy and momentum flux near the cometopause of Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

<p>Defined as the region where the plasma interaction region of a comet goes from being solar wind-dominated to cometary ion-dominated, the cometopause is a region of comingling plasmas and complex dynamics. The Rosetta mission orbited comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko for roughly two years. During this time, the cometopause was observed by the Ion Composition Analyzer (ICA), part of the Rosetta Plasma Consortium (RPC), before and after the spacecraft was in the solar wind ion cavity, defined as the region where no solar wind ions were measured. Data from ICA shows that solar wind and cometary ions have similar momentum and energy flux moments during this transitional period, indicating mass loading and deflection of the solar wind. We examine higher order moments and distribution functions for the solar wind and cometary species between December 2015 and March 2016. The behavior of the solar wind protons indicates that in many cases these protons are deflected in a sunward direction, while the cometary ions continue to move predominately antisunward. By studying the distribution functions of the protons during these time periods, it is possible to see a non-Maxwellian energy distribution. This can inform on the nature of the cometopause boundary and the energy transfer mechanisms at play in this region.</p>

BODY COMPOSITION OF SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

Considering the growing global problem and the lack of obesity data in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BH) the main aim of this paper was to determine BH school-age children body composition and determine the differences in body composition between girls and boys classified in underweight, normal weight and overweight according to the body mass index (BMI) score. 2524 participants 1763 girls and 761 boys (aged 10-13 yrs.) from 32 elementary schools were randomly selected and divided to 3 BMI groups by WHO cut-off points. InBody 370 Body Composition Analyzer (BioSpace, Seoul, Korea), a segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) device was used to gather data. The results showed ~38% of the sample were classified as overweight whilst gender differences showed higher body fat mass and fat percentages in arms, trunk and legs in underweight and normal weight girls and higher skeletal muscle mass in normal weight and overweight boys.

Effects of limb dominance on the symmetrical distribution of plantar loading during walking and running

The purpose of this study was to investigate the symmetry or asymmetry in the plantar pressure, foot axis angle and muscle mass of dominant and non-dominant legs. Sixty-eight able-bodied participants (age: 20 ± 1 years, height: 162 ± 8 cm, mass: 53 ± 7 kg, BMI: 20.63 ± 2 kg/m2) were recruited for the walking and running tests. All participants with right dominant feet, defined as the preferred leg when kicking a ball, were asked to perform four successful trials at their self-selected walking and running speeds after warm-up. FootScan force-measuring plate was utilized to collect plantar pressure and foot axis angle. The Tanita Segmental Body Composition Analyzer was used to measure the muscle mass of the lower limbs. The time-series parameters were checked using an open-source statistical parametric mapping 1d package. The result exhibited that the medial foot pressure of the dominant limb was higher than the non-dominant limb ( p < 0.05). Foot balance index range showed asymmetry in both walking and running tasks (absolute symmetry index <10%). There was no significant difference in muscle mass between the dominant and non-dominant lower limbs ( p = 0.79). The quantification of potential differences and asymmetries could provide implications for gait injury prevention and shoe design.

Physical Fitness and Dynamic Balance in Medication Naïve Turkish Children with ADHD

This study investigated physical fitness levels and dynamic balance in medication-naïve children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Participants were 24 medication-naïve Turkish children with ADHD (4 girls, 20 boys) and 19 typically developing (TD) Turkish children (4 girls, 15 boys). We measured physical fitness levels with the Eurofit Test Battery, body composition with the Inbody 720 Body Composition Analyzer, cognitive attention with the Stroop Test, and dynamic balance with the Y-Balance Test. We found significantly poorer dynamic balance and both upper extremity and running fitness problems among the medication-naïve Turkish children with ADHD compared to the TD group ( p = 0.002; p = 0.032; p = 0.002). It may be important to adress dynamic balance and physical fitness when treating children with ADHD.

Profil antropometri, ketersediaan energi dan kepadatan tulang pada atlet remaja putri berbagai cabang olahraga

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan profil antropometri, ketersediaan energi, dan kepadatan tulang pada atlet remaja putri berbagai cabang olahraga. Desain penelitian cross-sectional metode consecutive sampling dengan jumlah 54 atlet usia 13-21 tahun dilaksanakan di BPPLOP Jawa Tengah, Klub Atletik Salatiga, Klub Atletik dan Renang Universitas Negeri Semarang. Persen lemak tubuh, IMT, fat free mass diukur dengan Total Body Composition Analyzer. Form 24 hour-food recall, 24-hour physical activity record dan fat free mass untuk mengukur ketersedian energi. Bone densitometer Osteosys SONOST 3000 untuk mengukur kepadatan tulang. Analisis menggunakan uji One-way ANOVA dan uji Kruskal Wallis. Persen lemak tubuh dan IMT cabang olahraga endurance lebih rendah dibandingkan cabang olahraga kekuatan dan beregu. Terdapat perbedaan ketersediaan energi antara cabang olahraga endurance dan kekuatan (p<0.05). T-score kepadatan tulang cabang olahraga kekuatan lebih rendah dibandingkan cabang olahraga endurance dan beregu. Mayoritas atlet memiliki persen lemak tubuh, IMT, kepadatan tulang tergolong normal, dan ketersediaan energi tergolong rendah. Anthropometric profile, energy availability and bone density in adolescent female athletes in various sports AbstractThis study analyzed the differences anthropometric profile, energy availability and bone density of adolescent female athletes in various sports. A cross-sectional study design consecutive sampling method with 54 athletes aged 13 -21 years conducted in the BPPLOP Central Java, Salatiga Athletics Club, Athletics and Swimming Club Semarang State University. Per cent body fat, BMI, fat-free mass was measured by Total Body Composition Analyzer. The 24 hour-food recall form, 24-hour physical activity record, and fat-free mass were used for measuring energy availability. Bone densitometer Osteosys SONOST 3000 was used to measure bone density. Data were analyzed by One-way ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis test. Percent body fat and BMI of endurance sports were lower than strength and team sports. There were differences in the energy availability between endurance and strength sports (p < 0.05). Bone density t-score of strength sports was lower than endurance and team sports. The most of athletes classified normal on percent body fat, BMI and bone density, while energy availability was classified low.