SIGNIFICANCE OF DX-CENTERS FOR ACOUSTIC INDUCED RECONSTRUCTION PROCESSES OF DEFECTS IN GaN/AlGaN

The experimental results of amplitude effects are compared (from an ultrasonic wave deformation amplitude – a tension τUS) for electron concentration and changes of the lattice parameter on the same sample GaN/Al0.2Ga0.8N/GaN/AlN. It has been experimentally established that at ultrasonic loading (frequency 5–10 MHz, amplitude – towards 2·104 W/m2) there is a nonlinear increase in the effective electron concentration and an increase in the lattice parameter; at the same time, the mobility of electrons decreases and μН(τUS) ~ |τUS|. The energy parameters of the acoustic activation charge carriers process are calculated from the approximation of experimental amplitude changes – Еа ≈ 50 meV and γn(300 K) ≈ 2,5·10-27 m3. The amplitude dependences (increase) of the relative lattice parameter change (ΔС/С) from the tension τUS have been investigated experimentally at different frequencies. The energy of DX-center transition UDX ≈ 108 meV and the activation volume of this transition γDX ≈ 6,6·10-27 m3 are calculated from the approximation of the experimental amplitude changes. The revealed correlation of the magnitude of acoustic induced effects in different experiments allows to build a quantitative energy model of the acoustic action process based on the properties of metastable DX centers. It is shown that the acoustic induced process occurs due to the dimensional displacement of the DX-center atom (a background impurity of silicon atoms) from the non-central position to the centrally symmetric one; herewith DX-center is ionized, one goes into the d0-state. It is believed that the changes are most likely to occur near penetrating dislocations in the barrier layer Al0.2Ga0.8N – acoustic modulated oscillations of the distance between the possible positions of the donor atom lead to a decrease in the barrier to the displacement of the defect.

Chemical trends of deep levels in van der Waals semiconductors

Properties of semiconductors are largely defined by crystal imperfections including native defects. Van der Waals (vdW) semiconductors, a newly emerged class of materials, are no exception: defects exist even in the purest materials and strongly affect their electrical, optical, magnetic, catalytic and sensing properties. However, unlike conventional semiconductors where energy levels of defects are well documented, they are experimentally unknown in even the best studied vdW semiconductors, impeding the understanding and utilization of these materials. Here, we directly evaluate deep levels and their chemical trends in the bandgap of MoS2, WS2 and their alloys by transient spectroscopic study. One of the deep levels is found to follow the conduction band minimum of each host, attributed to the native sulfur vacancy. A switchable, DX center - like deep level has also been identified, whose energy lines up instead on a fixed level across different hosts, explaining a persistent photoconductivity above 400 K.

Емкостная спектроскопия гетероэпитакиальных AlGaAs/GaAs p-i-n-структур

Temperature dependences of capacitance-voltage (C−V) characteristics and deep-level spectra of the graded highvoltage AlxGa1−xAs p0 −i−n0 junction grown by liquid-phase epitaxy via autodoping with background impurities were investigated. The changes of the C−V characteristics at varied measurement temperature and optical illumination demonstrated that the p0-, i-,n0-type layers in the AlxGa1−xAs under study contain bistable DX centers. In spectra of deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS), measured at various bias voltages Vr and filling pulses Vf , a positive DLTS peak is observed for the n 0 -type layer with thermal activation energy Et = 280 meV and electron-capture cross-section σn = 3.17 · 10−14 cm2, which is unusual for a majority-carrier trap. This peak is related to the negatively charged state of the Se/Te donor impurity, which is a bistable DX center with negative correlation energy U.

Formation of DY center as n-type limiting defects in octahedral semiconductors: the case of Bi-doped hybrid halide perovskites

As the DX center in tetrahedral semiconductors, we show that the DY center is an n-type limiting defect in octahedral semiconductors.