software artifact
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2022 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
Maxime Lamothe ◽  
Yann-Gaël Guéhéneuc ◽  
Weiyi Shang

Recent software advances have led to an expansion of the development and usage of application programming interfaces (APIs). From millions of Android packages (APKs) available on Google Store to millions of open-source packages available in Maven, PyPI, and npm, APIs have become an integral part of software development. Like any software artifact, software APIs evolve and suffer from this evolution. Prior research has uncovered many challenges to the development, usage, and evolution of APIs. While some challenges have been studied and solved, many remain. These challenges are scattered in the literature, which hides advances and cloaks the remaining challenges. In this systematic literature review on APIs and API evolution, we uncover and describe publication trends and trending topics. We compile common research goals, evaluation methods, metrics, and subjects. We summarize the current state-of-the-art and outline known existing challenges as well as new challenges uncovered during this review. We conclude that the main remaining challenges related to APIs and API evolution are (1) automatically identifying and leveraging factors that drive API changes, (2) creating and using uniform benchmarks for research evaluation, and (3) understanding the impact of API evolution on API developers and users with respect to various programming languages.


Author(s):  
Matthias Eichholz ◽  
Eric Hayden Campbell ◽  
Matthias Krebs ◽  
Nate Foster ◽  
Mira Mezini
Keyword(s):  

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (OOPSLA) ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Ori Roth

This is a study of the computing power of the subtyping machine behind Kennedy and Pierce's nominal subtyping with variance. We depict the lattice of fragments of Kennedy and Pierce's type system and characterize their computing power in terms of regular, context-free, deterministic, and non-deterministic tree languages. Based on the theory, we present Treetop---a generator of C# implementations of subtyping machines. The software artifact constitutes the first feasible (yet POC) fluent API generator to support context-free API protocols in a decidable type system fragment.


10.52278/2849 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pol’la, Matias Esteban

Una línea de productos software provee de una plataforma común flexible, de manera que permita adaptarse a las diferentes necesidades de productos dentro de un rango de requerimientos establecido. Dicha flexibilidad se logra mediante la identificación, definición y posterior configuración de lo que se conoce como Variabilidad. Los modelos de variabilidad, como cualquier otro artefacto software, están sujetos a un proceso de análisis para detectar y (posiblemente) resolver errores e incompatibilidades. Esto lleva a la existencia de un proceso de análisis de variabilidad, que presta especial atención al momento de definición y uso de la variabilidad. Existen hoy día, propuestas que presentan diferentes métodos y/o herramientas para realizar un análisis automatizado de la variabilidad. Sin embargo, muchas de ellas se enfocan en sólo un tipo de modelo como entrada y/o sólo disponen de algunos escenarios de validación para controlar. A su vez, muy pocas proponen correcciones o identifican exactamente dónde se encuentran las anomalías o inconsistencias en los modelos. Entonces, se hace necesario mejorar este proceso de validación y su soporte, evaluando el rendimiento durante esa validación. En este sentido, esta Tesis propone el proceso llamado SeVaTax, que toma como entrada modelos de variabilidad (uno o más), generando una representación formal que permite analizar un conjunto de escenarios de validación mayor y proporciona un nivel diferente de respuestas, incluso proponiendo algunas acciones específicas para corregir los modelos. Se proponen dieciocho escenarios de validación, que son experimentalmente validados desde dos puntos de vista: (1) la exactitud de los resultados en términos de los errores que SeVaTax permite identificar; y (2) el cubrimiento, que muestra el grado en que el conjunto de escenarios está cubierto por otros enfoques con herramientas similares. A software product line supplies a common and flexible platform, which allows to adaptto different needs of products from a range of established requirements. Such a flexibility is achieved through the identification, definition and configuration of what is called Variability. Variability models, like any other software artifact, are subjected to an analysis process to detect and (possibly) solve errors and incompatibilities. This fact leads to the existence of a process called variability analysis, which pays special attention to the variability definition and use. Nowadays, several approaches propose different methods and/or tools to automatically analyzing variability. However, many of these approaches only focus on one type of model as input, and/or only show some validation scenarios to control. In addition, few approaches propose corrections, or identify where the anomalies or inconsistencies are. Therefore, there is a need of improving the analysis process as well as its support, assessing their performance during validation. In this sense, this Thesis proposes the SeVaTax process, which takes variability models (one or more) as inputs, generates a formal representation that allows to analyze a larger set of validation scenarios, and gives a different level of responses to validation – including corrections in some cases. Eighteen validation scenarios are proposed, which are experimentally validated form two viewpoints: (1) accuracy, in terms of errors that SeVaTax identifies; and (2) covering, that shows the degree in which the set of scenarios is covered by similar proposals in the literature.


Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1072
Author(s):  
Kimmo Aukusti Riihiaho ◽  
Matti Aleksanteri Eskelinen ◽  
Ilkka Pölönen

Commercial hyperspectral imagers (HSIs) are expensive and thus unobtainable for large audiences or research groups with low funding. In this study, we used an existing do-it-yourself push-broom HSI design for which we provide software to correct for spectral smile aberration without using an optical laboratory. The software also corrects an aberration which we call tilt. The tilt is specific for the particular imager design used, but correcting it may be beneficial for other similar devices. The tilt and spectral smile were reduced to zero in terms of used metrics. The software artifact is available as an open-source Github repository. We also present improved casing for the imager design, and, for those readers interested in building their own HSI, we provide print-ready and modifiable versions of the 3D-models required in manufacturing the imager. To our best knowledge, solving the spectral smile correction problem without an optical laboratory has not been previously reported. This study re-solved the problem with simpler and cheaper tools than those commonly utilized. We hope that this study will promote easier access to hyperspectral imaging for all audiences regardless of their financial status and availability of an optical laboratory.


2021 ◽  
Vol 130 ◽  
pp. 106455
Author(s):  
Emre Sülün ◽  
Eray Tüzün ◽  
Uğur Doğrusöz
Keyword(s):  

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1079
Author(s):  
Michail D. Papamichail ◽  
Andreas L. Symeonidis

The continuous evolution of modern software technologies combined with the deluge of available “ready-to-use” data has triggered revolutionary breakthroughs in several domains, preservation of cultural heritage included. This breakthrough is more than obvious just by considering the numerous multimedia tools and frameworks that actually serve as a means of providing enhanced cultural storytelling experiences (e.g., navigation in historical sites using VR, 3D modeling of artifacts, or even holograms), which are now readily available. In this context and inspired by the vital importance of sustainability as a concept that expresses the need to create the necessary conditions for future generations to use and evolve present artifacts, we target the software engineering domain and propose a systematic way towards measuring the extent to which a software artifact developed and applied in the cultural heritage domain is sustainable. To that end, we present a data-driven methodology that harnesses data residing in online software repositories and involves the analysis of various open-source multimedia tools and frameworks.


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