ANÁLISE AMBIENTAL: UM MODELO DE REFERÊNCIA BASEADO NA TEORIA DE SISTEMAS

Este estudo apresenta uma análise ambiental do processo de fabricação de calçados. O plano de referência foi apresentar um diagnostico de sessões críticas com relação à geração de resíduos e o objetivo foi contribuir com propostas de ações para a mitigação dos resíduos industriais. Foram consideradas as etapas do processo produtivo de calçados: modelagem, corte, pesponto, montagem, acabamento e prancheamento. Adotou-se a abordagem sistêmica como modelo de referência conceitual para as análises. Foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratória, com observação direta e qualitativa. O método do estudo de caso foi aplicado em uma pequena empresa de calçados femininos e masculinos, localizada em Franca, São Paulo. A Teoria de Sistemas possibilitou observação sob o funcionamento do processo produtivo, bem como do tratamento dos resíduos industriais ou da falta deles, assim como das práticas gerenciais. Os resultados, apresentam que as abordagens “Entradas e Saídas, Soft Systems Methodology e o Ciclo PDCA” utilizados cumpriram a função de permitir uma análise totalitária do processo produtivo, facilitando a organização de projetos e servindo de instrumentos para a tomada de decisão.

Precaution Strategy of Moral Hazard Practice in Agricultural Insurance in Indonesia: An Approach of Soft Systems Methodology

This paper uses Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) to formulate strategies to prevent moral hazard acts in agricultural insurance in Indonesia. Agricultural insurance takes place, mainly, through Rice Crop Insurance and Cattle Insurance. Generally, the strategies that can be performed to minimize moral hazard practice in agricultural insurance programs are: developing the capacity of human resources, improving field communication, enforcing penalties, institutional strengthening, and adding new products through Islamic agricultural insurance. Specifically, this paper proposes that the prevention of moral hazard practices can be done by implementing Islamic agricultural insurance systems with the concept of risk-sharing instead of risk transfer.

Immersive Learning Design for Technology Education: A Soft Systems Methodology

Science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) education is a globalized trend of equipping students to facilitate technological and scientific developments. Among STEM education, technology education (TE) plays a significant role in teaching applied knowledge and skills to create and add value to systems and products. In higher education, the learning effectiveness of the TE assisted by the immersive technologies is an active research area to enhance the teaching quality and learning performance. In this study, a taught subject of radio frequency identification (RFID) assisted by using mixed reality technologies in a higher education institution was examined, while the soft systems methodology (SSM) was incorporated to evaluate the changes in learning performance. Under the framework of SSM, stakeholders’ perceptions toward immersive learning and RFID education are structured. Thus, a rich picture for teaching activities is established for subject control, monitoring, and evaluation. Subsequently, the design of TE does not only satisfy the students’ needs but also requirements from teachers, industries, and market trends. Finally, it is found that SSM is an effective approach in designing courses regarding hands-on technologies, and the use of immersive technologies improves the learning performance for acquiring fundamental knowledge and application know-how.

Exploring Comparative Advantage in the Context of Climate Change with Māori Organizations

<p>Purpose –The purpose of this research is to investigate perceptions of comparative advantage in the context of climate change with Māori organizations in New Zealand. This study seeks insights, from an alternate paradigm into how concepts within strategy, such as values and identity, can help to achieve comparative advantage in an increasingly carbon constrained world. Design/methodology/approach – Peter Checkland’s Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) has been employed as a framework for exploring Māori perceptions of achieving comparative advantage in the context of climate change in order to identify areas of transformation and define actions. A total of 10 organizations active in land-based sectors in New Zealand participated in this research study. Findings – The key area of action, or transformation, identified through the research process was for Māori organizations, and New Zealand more broadly, to be aware of the potential comparative advantage that Māori organizations have in the context of climate change. Research limitations/implications – While Soft Systems Methodology and Kaupapa Māori principles were applied to this research, a full participatory action research approach was not possible due to time and resource constraints. The participatory nature of the research could be expanded by narrowing the scope to one organization in order to see the methodology through to implementing actions. Originality/value – This research highlights the importance of perceptions in achieving action on climate change, by understanding where organizations may have a particular comparative advantage given their unique values and identity. It has value within the New Zealand economy, and potentially for businesses struggling with how to incorporate climate change into their business strategy globally.</p>

Exploring Comparative Advantage in the Context of Climate Change with Māori Organizations

<p>Purpose –The purpose of this research is to investigate perceptions of comparative advantage in the context of climate change with Māori organizations in New Zealand. This study seeks insights, from an alternate paradigm into how concepts within strategy, such as values and identity, can help to achieve comparative advantage in an increasingly carbon constrained world. Design/methodology/approach – Peter Checkland’s Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) has been employed as a framework for exploring Māori perceptions of achieving comparative advantage in the context of climate change in order to identify areas of transformation and define actions. A total of 10 organizations active in land-based sectors in New Zealand participated in this research study. Findings – The key area of action, or transformation, identified through the research process was for Māori organizations, and New Zealand more broadly, to be aware of the potential comparative advantage that Māori organizations have in the context of climate change. Research limitations/implications – While Soft Systems Methodology and Kaupapa Māori principles were applied to this research, a full participatory action research approach was not possible due to time and resource constraints. The participatory nature of the research could be expanded by narrowing the scope to one organization in order to see the methodology through to implementing actions. Originality/value – This research highlights the importance of perceptions in achieving action on climate change, by understanding where organizations may have a particular comparative advantage given their unique values and identity. It has value within the New Zealand economy, and potentially for businesses struggling with how to incorporate climate change into their business strategy globally.</p>

Sistem Pengembangan Asuransi Usaha Ternak Sapi/Kerbau di Provinsi Aceh

Cow/buffalo-business insurance (AUTS/K) is a form of risk mitigation for livestock businesses run by farmers. Various risks that are often occurred include livestock death, natural disasters, disease outbreaks, and livestock theft. If not handled properly, it can threaten the sustainability of this business, especially the small-scale livestock-business sector. This study aimed to formulate a developing system of cattle/buffalo-livestock insurance using the soft-systems methodology (SSM) approach. This research was conducted in Aceh Province from December 2020 to February 2021 using an expert survey by collecting data and information through parties who have competence or expertise in the field being studied. The development of this insurance system can be said to be an effort to improve and a solution to any problems currently being experienced in the implementation of AUTS/K. The result of improvements includes optimizing the roles of each party involved and program innovation to intensify AUTS/K products among breeders. The results showed that the SSM approach could describe the problem well and form a conceptual model for the AUTS/K system in Aceh province. Improvements to policies, assistance, and promotion systems are recommended as solutions to the problems related to livestock-insurance system implemented. Keywords: breeders, conceptual model, insurance system, soft-systems methodology, syariah insurance

Program Peningkatan Kesejahteraan Petani di Lampung

Agriculture in Lampung Province is the sector that contributes the most to the provincial GRDP. But the welfare of farmers is still very low. This can happen because there is no guarantee of agricultural products, low agricultural production, low agricultural production due to several things such as land that is tired, agricultural production facilities (fertilizers, seeds, and drugs) that are not available and are not qualified, lack of agricultural technology that is support and lack of capital. The purpose of this study is to develop a model of the Kartu Petani Berjaya (KPB) system both in terms of its institutional model and physical form. This research uses the Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) approach. Data was collected through literature studies and the implementation of Focus Group Discussions (FGD) with resource persons. The speakers in this study were representatives of academics, practitioners and observers from Lampung Agriculture. The results of this study are the Institutional Model of Kartu Petani Berjaya (KPB) is a model that describes the relationship between elements associated with the work of the Kartu Petani Berjaya (KPB) program. The institutions involved are the Lampung Provincial Government, Agricultural Production Facility Suppliers (Saprotan) and Technology, Regional-Owned Enterprises that are involved as Manager Kartu Petani Berjaya (KPB), Buyers / Market, Banking, Inter-Village Owned Enterprises (BUMADES) / Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDES) / Cooperatives / Farmers-Owned Enterprises (BUMP) / Joint Farmers Groups (Gapoktan) and Farmers. The Berjaya Farmers Card aims to improve the welfare of Farmers, through providing certainty for the availability of capital, providing certainty for the availability of agricultural production facilities (fertilizers, seeds and medicines), fostering farm management, post-harvest handling, guaranteeing the selling price and ensuring the absorption of agricultural production.