Uplink and Downlink Variation in Drone Technology for Cloud, Edge, Fog and Smart Dust Integrated IoT Architecture: Demonstrated Over WSNs

IoT concepts are heavily applicable in drone communication integrated with different network architecture for optimization. Distributing the burden allows more IoT devices to execute calculations, rather than everything being done on the cloud. There are numerous IoT designs that have emerged as a result of this. By relocating calculations away from the cloud, these designs make use of the enhanced processing capacity of the devices. Based on our needs, we’ve limited it down to four architectures, each of which we have discussed for optimized flow useful in drone technology. We have also applied the one live dataset for the test drone using raspberry pi processor system powered with for end-to-end drone communication establishment. The analysis of downlink and uplink were studied for time analysis for IoT architecture using drone cell characteristics. New technology makes it possible to implement drone cell (DC) connectivity, which is highly flexible and cost-effective for the gathering of Internet-of-things (IoT) data when terrestrial networks are not yet accessible. DC’s flight path has a substantial impact on data collecting systems.

Nano-biosupercapacitors enable autarkic sensor operation in blood

Today’s smallest energy storage devices for in-vivo applications are larger than 3 mm3 and lack the ability to continuously drive the complex functions of smart dust electronic and microrobotic systems. Here, we create a tubular biosupercapacitor occupying a mere volume of 1/1000 mm3 (=1 nanoliter), yet delivering up to 1.6 V in blood. The tubular geometry of this nano-biosupercapacitor provides efficient self-protection against external forces from pulsating blood or muscle contraction. Redox enzymes and living cells, naturally present in blood boost the performance of the device by 40% and help to solve the self-discharging problem persistently encountered by miniaturized supercapacitors. At full capacity, the nano-biosupercapacitors drive a complex integrated sensor system to measure the pH-value in blood. This demonstration opens up opportunities for next generation intravascular implants and microrobotic systems operating in hard-to-reach small spaces deep inside the human body.

Genetic Improvement of Data for Maths Functions

We use continuous optimisation and manual code changes to evolve up to 1024 Newton-Raphson numerical values embedded in an open source GNU C library glibc square root sqrt to implement a double precision cube root routine cbrt, binary logarithm log2 and reciprocal square root function for C in seconds. The GI inverted square root x -1/2 is far more accurate than Quake’s InvSqrt, Quare root. GI shows potential for automatically creating mobile or low resource mote smart dust bespoke custom mathematical libraries with new functionality.

IoT Micro-Blockchain Fundamentals

In this paper we investigate the essential minimum functionality of the autonomous blockchain, and the minimum hardware and software required to support it in the micro-scale in the IoT world. The application of deep-blockchain operation in the lower-level activity of the IoT ecosystem, is expected to bring profound clarity and constitutes a unique challenge. Setting up and operating bit-level blockchain mechanisms on minimal IoT elements like smart switches and active sensors, mandates pushing blockchain engineering to the limits. “How deep can blockchain actually go?” “Which is the minimum Thing of the IoT world that can actually deliver autonomous blockchain functionality?” To answer, an experiment based on IoT micro-controllers was set. The “Witness Protocol” was defined to set the minimum essential micro-blockchain functionality. The protocol was developed and installed on a peer, ad-hoc, autonomous network of casual, real-life IoT micro-devices. The setup was tested, benchmarked, and evaluated in terms of computational needs, efficiency, and collective resistance against malicious attacks. The leading considerations are highlighted, and the results of the experiment are presented. Findings are intriguing and prove that fully autonomous, private micro-blockchain networks are absolutely feasible in the smart dust world, utilizing the capacities of the existing low-end IoT devices.