Emerging Forms of Citizen Video Activism

Gilles Deleuze's early reflections on assemblage identify the idea of the diagram or possibility space as a framework to suggest the ways in which the assembling of technology and human practices merge to create distinctive and innovative new assemblages. Yet routinely it is the technological advances of the 21st century that receive the most revered credit for shifts within citizen-based video activism. Essential to the new and often undefined waves of digital documentary birthed in scattered alcoves of social activism and human rights movements are the relationships between the components of these assemblages. Particularly influential are the facilitating agents spearheading the means to digital video literacy that allow these narratives to be shared. Conducted over three years, my Ph.D. research has examined very specific emerging video practices rooted in social activism in a number of global settings. My fieldwork has sought out citizen media makers in order to discuss how these practitioners have approached their nascent video activism with the goal of identifying properties that might allow these surfacing video practices to become sustainable over time. This paper examines and critiques specific elements that these particular forms of video activism confront in their own unique global possibility spaces. Moreover, as traditional methods of video distribution and video recording continue to change even further through online platforms and mobile technology, how might we begin to identify emerging forms of citizen-based video activism and documentary media?

Deceptive Techniques to Hide a Compressed Video Stream for Information Security

With the recent development of video compression methods, video transmission on traditional devices and video distribution using networks has increased in various devices such as drones, IP cameras, and small IoT devices. As a result, the demand for encryption techniques such as MPEG-DASH for transmitting streams over networks is increasing. These video stream security methods guarantee stream confidentiality. However, they do not hide the fact that the encrypted stream is being transmitted over the network. Considering that sniffing attacks can analyze the entropy of the stream and scan huge amounts of traffic on the network, to solve this problem, the deception method is required, which appears unencrypted but a confidential stream. In this paper, we propose the new deception method that utilizes standard NAL unit rules of video codec, where the unpromised device shows the cover video and the promised device shows the secret video for deceptive security. This method allows a low encryption cost and the stream to dodge entropy-based sniffing scan attacks. The proposed stream shows that successful decoding using five standard decoders and processing performance was 61% faster than the conventional encryption method in the test signal conformance set. In addition, a network encrypted stream scan method the HEDGE showed classification results that our stream is similar to a compressed video.

How Social Media Influence TV Newsrooms Online Engagement and Video Distribution

This research takes a socio-technical approach and uses participant observation and in-depth interviews to explain how two major TV news organizations from Colombia utilize social media to distribute video and engage TV audiences in online settings. Findings show that social media, particularly Facebook, are changing how television channels think of videos and their perceptions of audience engagement at the organizational level. Social media not only play a dominant role for distributing video but they influence with their recommendations and metrics TV decisions regarding content production. Finally, this research discusses the implication of these findings for the future of TV journalism.

Social-Aware Edge Caching Strategy of Video Resources in 5G Ultra-Dense Network

The video traffic offloading in edge networks is an effective method for remission of congestion of backward paths in 5G networks by continual optimization of video distribution to promote scale and efficiency of video delivery in edge networks (e.g., D2D-based near-end sharing). Because the video resources are dispersedly cached in local buffer of mobile devices of video users, the management of local video resources of video users in edge networks (e.g., caching and removing of local videos) causes dynamic variation of video distribution in networks. The real-time adjustment of local resources of users in terms of the influence levels (e.g., promotion and recession) of video sharing performance is significant for the continual distribution optimization. In this paper, we propose a novel Social-aware Edge Caching Strategy of Video Resources in 5G Ultra-Dense Network (SECS). SECS designs an estimation method of interest domain of users, which employs the Spectral Clustering to generate initial video clusters and makes use of the Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) to refine the initial video clusters. A user clustering method is proposed, which enables the users with common and similar interests to be clustered into the same groups by estimating similarity levels of interest domain between users. SECS designs a performance-aware video caching strategy, which enables the users intelligently implement management (caching and removing) of local video resources in terms of influence for the intragroup sharing performance. Extensive tests show how SECS achieves much better performance results in comparison with the state-of-the-art solutions.

Edge Computing-Induced Caching Strategy for National Traditional Sports Video Resources by Considering Unusual Items

In order to promote the development of national traditional sports to carry forward the spirit and culture of a country or nation, this paper designs a system for national traditional sports video distribution with the help of software-defined network and mobile edge computing technologies. Thus, the popular national traditional sports resources can be cached in mobile edge computing servers, which can reduce the delay time from cloud center directly. In order to improve the hit rate of the cached videos, the ant colony-stimulated annealing is used as the caching strategy. The experimental results show that the ant colony-stimulated annealing caching strategy can increase the hit rate of the contents in mobile edge computing servers as well as decrease the delay time of the request videos. The ant colony-stimulated annealing caching strategy performs better than previous caching strategies for updating contents in mobile edge computing servers.

Music Supervision and Branding in an Era of “Convergent Advertising”

At the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century, the popular music ecosystem moved from a system devoted to the sale of objects to one centered on data. As such, musicians began to seek new sources of income to replace the sale of recordings and moved toward licensing and brand management. At the same time, as platforms of video distribution began to proliferate and the demand for content generated an abundance of media franchises, the need to stand out required new aesthetic investments to establish immediate brand recognition. These two new media developments generated a convergence of opportunities for strategic music supervision and placement in television and film projects. This chapter draws primarily from trade literature to illustrate how actors in music, film, and television began to recognize and develop coordinating mutually beneficial practices where every party potentially benefits through the elevation of their brand profiles.