Load and thermal resistance of sandwitched steel-wood composite walling systems infilled with innovative commercial form material

This research investigated the behaviour of sandwich profiled steel sheet composite wall (PSSCW) and oriented strand board composite wall (OSBCW) with infill commercial form material (CFM). The axial load behaviour of PSSCWs and OSBCWs having different height to width ratio and PSS/OSB-CFM connector spacing was analysed based on experimental results of strength, load-deformation response, load-strain development and failure modes. In addition, flexural behaviour of OSBCW and the thermal conductivity tests on PSSCW and OSWCW specimens were carried-out. The axial load capacity of PSSCW/OSSCW was increased by 946% to 1714% compared to walls without in-fill and decreased with the increase of height to width and connector spacing to height ratio. The existing analytical equations were found to over predict the axial load capacity of both PSSCWs and OSBCWs. The recommendation of this research will understand the axial, flexural and thermal behaviour of PSSCW/OSBCW with CFM infill for practical building applications.

Load and thermal resistance of sandwitched steel-wood composite walling systems infilled with innovative commercial form material

This research investigated the behaviour of sandwich profiled steel sheet composite wall (PSSCW) and oriented strand board composite wall (OSBCW) with infill commercial form material (CFM). The axial load behaviour of PSSCWs and OSBCWs having different height to width ratio and PSS/OSB-CFM connector spacing was analysed based on experimental results of strength, load-deformation response, load-strain development and failure modes. In addition, flexural behaviour of OSBCW and the thermal conductivity tests on PSSCW and OSWCW specimens were carried-out. The axial load capacity of PSSCW/OSSCW was increased by 946% to 1714% compared to walls without in-fill and decreased with the increase of height to width and connector spacing to height ratio. The existing analytical equations were found to over predict the axial load capacity of both PSSCWs and OSBCWs. The recommendation of this research will understand the axial, flexural and thermal behaviour of PSSCW/OSBCW with CFM infill for practical building applications.

The Production of Carbon Dioxide Commercial Form by Utilizing Biogas from Landfills

The problem of utilizing biogas from landfills is described. The chemical composition of biogas macrocomponents and microcomponents is considered. The developed technological scheme of biogas processing with the production of liquefied carbon dioxide is presented.

Part II Islamic Law and Contracts in Practice, 10 Takaful

This chapter examines takaful (Islamic insurance), which is one of the fastest growing sectors of the global insurance market. Takaful is a form of insurance structured so as to satisfy the requirements of the Shari’a. It is based on the concept of mutuality, whereby each participant (the equivalent of an insured) makes a donation (tabarru) to a takaful fund. In its commercial form, the takaful fund is managed by a takaful operator on behalf of the participants and is therefore similar to a conventional mutual insurance company. However, the concept of takaful is fundamentally distinct from conventional insurance whereby the insurance company sells a policy protecting the insured against certain defined risks for a specified amount of money. Such conventional insurance arrangements involve no element of mutuality. In contrast, takaful is structured on the basis of mutuality and is intended to create an arrangement that is mutually beneficial for both the takaful operator and the participant.

COST NATURE OF WAGE

The article is devoted to the theoretical study of the wage's nature value. Without touching upon the problem of the substance of value in the article the following questions are considered and the relevant conclusions are drawn. The value nature of wages has nominal (monetary) and real (natural) values. The starting and final point of the circuit of nominal (monetary) wages are money, or rather money as capital. Real (natural) wages in this movement is only a moment. The purpose of this circuit is to recover from the cash proceeds of the advanced monetary wage Fund. On the contrary, the source and end point of reproduction of the labor commodity form is its commodity-natural form. Money, more precisely, money capital is only a passing moment. The purpose of this cycle is the reproduction of the labor force in its natural and commercial form. The article shows that the purchase and sale of goods labor and its use has two forms of advance funds. On the part of the employer there is an advance of cash wages (prepayment), that is employees need an advance for the normal reproduction of the labor force before the end of the reproduction cycle of finished goods. On the part of the employee can observe the advance of labor before the end of the work specified in the employment contract. In General, the two-way advance of funds allows us to say that from the position of property rights, there is both the rent of labor and the rent of capital. Value as a substantive basis of wage date and wage labor has three forms of existence: 1) cash existence of money; 2) non-cash existence of cash prices and 3) the estimated value of goods.

From creator to data: the post-record music industry and the digital conglomerates

This article contributes to research on the changing music industries by identifying three dynamics that underpin the shift towards a post-record music industry. First, it examines how musicians have found themselves redefined as content providers rather than creative producers; a historical change from recorded music as product to content. Second, it focuses on tensions between YouTube and recording artists as symptomatic of disputes about the changing artistic and economic value of recorded music. Third, it extends this debate about the market and moral worth of music by exploring how digital recordings have acquired value as data, rather than as a commercial form of artistic expression. The article explores how digital conglomerates have become ever-more significant in shaping the circulation of recordings and profiting from the work of musicians, and highlights emergent dynamics, structures and patterns of conflict shaping the recording sector specifically, and music industries more generally.

Serving Consumers, Citizens, or Elites: Democratic Roles of Journalism in Chilean Newspapers and Television News

Print journalism has long been seen as a key institution of democratic politics, serving to enhance transparency, provide a forum for debate, and facilitate public participation. Instead, television journalism, particularly in its commercial form, has often been seen more negatively, as a form of infotainment that contributes little to the functions of journalism as an institution of democratic citizenship. Some scholars have questioned the dichotomy between infotainment and democratic roles, however, and the existing research comparing journalistic roles in print and television has produced mixed results. Focusing on the case of Chile and making use of a standardized news content-based index of journalistic roles, this study compares the prevalence of three professional roles by medium—newspapers and television—and also by audience orientation—popular and elite media across both print and television news. Our results show that commercial television in Chile is higher than print media in the performance of the watchdog and civic roles, and the infotainment role is positively, not negatively, correlated with these. We discuss the implication of these findings in light of the literature on infotainment and citizenship, as well as the emerging body of research on journalistic role performance.

100% Pure Adrenaline

This chapter analyzes the quintessential action movie, Point Break (1991), arguing that we experience the film as generic surface. Despite critical efforts to construct the film as a creative play with masculinity or with the action genre, the film remains culturally and politically ambivalent. As is often noted, Point Break repeats the “vessel” of the action genre without rupture, spillage, or slippage. In this sense, Point Break expresses an awareness of its cultural/commercial form by filling out the homosocial trope latent in the action genre's intense male relationships and fetishization of the male body. However, at no point does it seek to exceed, parody, ironize, or reflect upon its genre. The fullness that this produces is a flatness: a surface. This surface is not a negative construction but provides a way to address the network of relations between film, audience, and industry.