PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE ENERGY INDUSTRY IN THE ARCTIC TERRITORIES

The electric power industry is a branch of energy that includes the production, transmission and subsequent sale of electricity. Generating companies do not sell electricity directly to the population, but produce electricity and supply it to the wholesale market, where it is bought by sales companies, guaranteeing suppliers, independent energy marketing companies and large industrial consumers. Based on the results of a comparative analysis of the financial activities of energy marketing enterprises of the Russian Federation, problems are identified, imbalances and strategic plans for their development are determined. The results showed that the development of the energy industry as a whole depends on the financial activities of guaranteeing electricity suppliers. Unlike an independent power supply company, the activity of guaranteeing suppliers is less profitable and low-profitable, and the financial condition, in turn, is characterized by low solvency and financial stability. The authors have identified the weaknesses and strengths of this development. It is noted that the weakest side is the violation of the repayment terms of funds in settlements by electricity consumers, which leads to the formation of a negative financial result. The identified problems of financial development allow production us to form direction.

SALARIES OF ATHLETES: FEATURES OF FORMATION AND REGULATION

The article discusses the features of the formation of wages of professional athletes in the Russian Federation. Foreign and Russian researchers, analyzing the formation of contractual remuneration, come to the conclusion that the income of athletes depends on the sport, the performance of the player in the past and present, the popularity of the fans of this athlete, the country of his birth, the interest of the team in this player, his individual characteristics, the financial capabilities of the team/club, etc. To analyze the factors that affect the amount of income of athletes, an integral model is proposed, which is based on individual indicators of the athlete and financial standards that transform the corresponding personalized indicator into a monetary equivalent. In addition, the authors propose to supplement the methodology for analyzing the wage fund with indicators of the concentration of wages by the average value, entropy, and the coefficient of dispersion. The proposed analytical procedures, according to the authors, will allow the management of a sports organization to ensure the comparability of individual indicators (achievements) of an athlete with his salary, increase its transparency, smooth out the disproportions in the distribution of income within the team/club and effectively use the financial and material resources of the organization.

INNOVATION POTENTIAL OF NATIONAL ECONOMIES: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

Currently, with the expansion of technological innovations, the economy of the Russian Federation is being transformed. For this reason, it becomes necessary to assess its innovation potential and compare it with the level of innovation potential of other countries. The economies of the BRICS countries were selected for the study, and the United States was also considered as an example of a developed innovation economy. To assess the innovation potential of these countries, groups of indicators were identified that determine the degree of innovation development. The study used data from the Science and Technology section of the World Bank site and applied the methods of correlation and regression analysis. The results of the analysis make it possible to identify and compare the key factors in the development of innovation potential in the countries under consideration.

EXPORT POSITIONS OF RUSSIA IN CENTRAL ASIA: REALITIES AND PROBLEMS

The article is devoted to researching and assessing the state of affairs, identifying problems and prospects for Russia’s presence in the markets of Central Asian countries. The relevance of the problem is connected with the goals of maintaining the export positions of the Russian Federation in this market and with the goals of increasing the volume of non-resource non-energy exports. The authors investigated the dynamics and structure of world and Russian exports to the countries of Central Asia, highlighted the dominant commodity groups of Russian exports for each importing country. As a result of the study of the territorial aspect and the related specifics of trade and economic relations, it was concluded that a deeper study of export opportunities and prospects of Russian regions bordering on countries-importers of Russian products in Central Asia was made. The article outlines the problems of increasing competition in the markets of Central Asia and the negative impact on the prospects of Russian exports of falling incomes of the population and reducing market capacity due to the pandemic, the need to take a set of measures to maintain Russia’s competitive position in this market. As a result the studies of the problems of the development of Russian exports the authors came to the conclusion that it is mutually beneficial and promising, to increase the supply Russian products to the countries of Central Asia the need to find ways to increase its efficiency, and strengthen state support for non-resource non-energy exports.

QUESTIONS OF BUILDING A MODEL OF COOPERATIVE FEDERALISM IN THE CONTEXT OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT DEVELOPMENT

The current problems of the lack of clear interaction between the levels of government, which have significantly manifested themselves during the implementation of national projects, have predetermined the need for a new stage of local self-government reform aimed at building a model of a single executive vertical based on cooperative federalism. In the article, the author analyzes two main trends in the development of this model: managerial centralization and cooperation. It is established that centralization has affected many aspects and directions of the implementation of power, but at the same time the problem of cooperation and coordination of actions of individual branches, spheres and levels of management remains. The author considers managerial cooperation from the point of view of the system approach on the basis of the types of system elements and ways of their interaction, which in general forms various directions and forms of cooperative interaction. The article establishes the structure of cooperation by types of system elements according to the law of system development and the corresponding forms of cooperative interactions. The analysis of the current implementation of financial, administrative, political, control and analytical cooperation allows us to identify existing problems and the required measures for the development of cooperative federalism in the aspect of implementing a complementary combination of centralization and cooperation.

ASSESSMENT OF THE COSTS OF FINANCING INNOVATIONS: REGIONAL ASPECT

The article is devoted to the actual problem of financial support for the development of innovations. The purpose of the study is to estimate the share of innovation financing costs in the income received by organizations from the sale of manufactured goods, works and services for innovative organizations located in each of the regions of Russia. As the initial information, the study used official statistics for 2017-2019, which characterize the costs of financing innovations by organizations located in 82 regions of Russia. In the course of the study, economic and mathematical models were developed that represent the functions of the normal distribution. It is proved that there were no significant changes in the value of the share of innovation financing costs in the amount of income received from the sale of manufactured products by organizations located in the regions in 2017-2019. It is shown that the costs of financing innovations for organizations account for a small share in the amount of income received from the sale of manufactured products. It is shown that the values of the specific weights of innovation financing costs were significantly differentiated by region. The results obtained are new and original. The methodological approach presented in the article to estimate the share of innovation financing costs in the amount of revenue received from sales of manufactured products by organizations located in the regions can be used in further research. The proposed tools can be used to monitor the costs of financing innovation activities in organizations. The results of the work can be applied in the current activities of state structures and public organizations, when justifying measures for the development of innovative activities.

APPROACHES TO STATE STIMULATION OF INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES

The Russia’s innovative development is the most important indicator of the competitiveness of the national economy. By implementing an innovation policy, the state stimulates the innovative activity of industrial enterprises. The study analyzes the impact of changes in the regulatory framework in the Russian Federation on the level of innovation development and the country’s position in the world ranking of innovative activity. The article reviews the tendencies of foreign government stimulation of business innovation activity on the example of the USA, India and Sweden and draws a conclusion about the significant role of the state and the need for targeted financing of enterprises’ innovative activities. Comparative analysis and diagnostics of innovation policy problems, analysis of the rating of innovation activity, forecasting the costs of technological innovation, determination of criteria for innovative activity of industrial enterprises were used as research methods. As a result, the proposed approaches to stimulate the innovative activity of industrial enterprises, taking into account the differentiation of enterprises by the addressee, channels, frequency and method of implementation of incentives. The introduction of the proposed approaches will increase the innovative activity of industrial enterprises, which will lead to an increase in the competitiveness of the national economy.

TRENDS AND DETERMINANTS OF DEMOGRAPHIC PROCESSES IN RUSSIA

The article substantiates the need to identify trends in the development of processes demographic in individual countries and regions. The analysis of the determination of demographic processes is a necessary condition for the development of an effective demographic policy. The authors studied the dynamics of the population of the planet as whole, Europe, and Russia over the past 50 years. The assessment of the degree of influence of the measures taken in certain countries of the world on the demographic situation is given. The article deals with both methodological issues of studying the determination of demographic processes, and the results of research based on statistical information. Much attention is paid to the issues of determining the birth rate and mortality. An assessment of the impact of material payments on the birth rate is given. At the same time, the issues of determining migration processes and population aging are not left without attention. To analyze the causes of population migration in the region, the experimental planning method was used. The use of this method allowed us to identify the factors that affect migration processes and to assess the degree of influence of each of them on the level of the migration efficiency coefficient. The study showed the possibility of using the planning method in the study of socio-economic processes. The authors consider three variants of the population forecast of the Russian Federation until 2035, proposed by Rosstat, and assessed possible options for their implementation.

TRENDS AND FACTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX ALTAI REGION IN THE REGION'S ECONOMIC SECURITY SYSTEM

In the context of a dynamically developing competitive market, global changes in production and the distribution of production resources, the increasing influence of political and socio-economic factors, the issues of ensuring the economic security of both the region and the industries included in its economy acquire special relevance. Agriculture is, on the one hand, the most vulnerable sector of the economy and is influenced by many factors, but, on the other hand, the most significant for the sustainable development of the Altai Territory. The study concluded that it is highly competitive and dependent in food security in other regions of the Siberian Federal District and the dynamics of development of the agro-industrial complex of the region. However, there are threats to economic security, the presence of which impedes the effective functioning of the agro-industrial complex. Based on the study, the main risks and threats have been identified that are of the greatest importance for the economic security of agriculture in the Altai Territory: a low level of investment activity, deterioration of agricultural machinery, a shortage of qualified personnel, risks of natural factors.

FEATURES OF THE REGIONAL CONSUMER MARKET DEVELOPMENT

The article presents an analysis of the features of the development of the consumer market on the example of the municipal district of Cherepovets for the period from 2015 to 2019, the dynamics of retail trade turnover, the structure of turnover by forms of trade, also it reveals the socio-demographic portrait of the consumer of nonfood products, the weak and strong sides of the consumer market Cherepovets are presented. The authors use methods of polling, synthesis, comparison, analysis of statistical data of Vologda region and the Russian Federation. The results of an Internet survey, which was conducted in February-March 2021, are presented. The importance of the implementation of municipal programs aimed at developing the consumer market, providing consumers with professional services, improving the overall quality of life of citizens, influencing the formation of a comfortable urban environment is noted.