scholarly journals COST NATURE OF WAGE

2019 ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
V. I. Krishka
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Wage Labor ◽  
Natural Form ◽  
Employment Contract ◽  
Final Point ◽  
Reproduction Cycle ◽  
End Point ◽  
Commercial Form

The article is devoted to the theoretical study of the wage's nature value. Without touching upon the problem of the substance of value in the article the following questions are considered and the relevant conclusions are drawn. The value nature of wages has nominal (monetary) and real (natural) values. The starting and final point of the circuit of nominal (monetary) wages are money, or rather money as capital. Real (natural) wages in this movement is only a moment. The purpose of this circuit is to recover from the cash proceeds of the advanced monetary wage Fund. On the contrary, the source and end point of reproduction of the labor commodity form is its commodity-natural form. Money, more precisely, money capital is only a passing moment. The purpose of this cycle is the reproduction of the labor force in its natural and commercial form. The article shows that the purchase and sale of goods labor and its use has two forms of advance funds. On the part of the employer there is an advance of cash wages (prepayment), that is employees need an advance for the normal reproduction of the labor force before the end of the reproduction cycle of finished goods. On the part of the employee can observe the advance of labor before the end of the work specified in the employment contract. In General, the two-way advance of funds allows us to say that from the position of property rights, there is both the rent of labor and the rent of capital. Value as a substantive basis of wage date and wage labor has three forms of existence: 1) cash existence of money; 2) non-cash existence of cash prices and 3) the estimated value of goods.

Constructing a Region of Christian Free Enterprise

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Fones-Wolf ◽  
Ken Fones-Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
New Deal ◽  
Wage Labor ◽  
Free Enterprise ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The South ◽  
Conservative Politics ◽  
Corporate Executives ◽  
Promised Land

This chapter traces the emergence of a Christian free enterprise vision for the South at the end of the war. For evangelical businessmen, the region seemed a new promised land for growth and investment with a hard-working, low-wage labor force. Christian free-enterprise ideology meshed easily with the goals of corporate executives hoping to take advantage of the lower wages and conservative politics of the South. Moreover, The South was a bulwark against the further spread of liberal, New Deal politics. Meanwhile, for white Protestant evangelicals, Christian free enterprise could protect the region against the threats that modernism and state-centered bureaucracies posed to the southern way of life.

End-point nystagmus and ocular drift: An experimental and theoretical study

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 863-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moshe Elzenman ◽  
Ping Cheng ◽  
James A. Sharpe ◽  
Richard C. Frecker
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Study ◽  
End Point

The Expansion of the Labor Market in Capitalist Russia: 1861–1917

1961 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaston V. Rimlinger
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Work Force ◽  
Wage Labor ◽  
Detailed Data ◽  
Early Stages

Anyone interested in the historical anlysis of the emergence of a wage labor force in the early stages of industrialization will find much of interest in Rashin's study of the Russian case. The value of this study, an expansion and elaboration of a work published in 1940, lies in both over-all and sector estimates of the growth and composition of the work force, and in detailed data on specific aspects of the movement from the land to the factory.

scholarly journals Liberated Africans, Slaves, and Convict Labor in the Construction of Rio de Janeiro's Casa de Correção: Atlantic Labor Regimes and Confinement in Brazil's Port City

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (S27) ◽  
pp. 173-204
Author(s):  
Martine Jean
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Wage Labor ◽  
Construction Site ◽  
Port City ◽  
Slave Labor ◽  
Convict Labor ◽  
Resistance Strategies ◽  
Labor Regimes

AbstractFrom 1834 to 1850, Latin America's first penitentiary, the Casa de Correção in Rio de Janeiro, was a construction site where slaves, “liberated Africans”, convicts, and unfree workers interacted daily, forged identities, and deployed resistance strategies against the pressures of confinement and the demands of Brazil's eclectic labor regimes. This article examines the utilization of this motley crew of workers, the interactions among “liberated Africans”, slaves, and convict laborers, and the government's intervention between 1848 and 1850 to restrict slave labor at the prison in favor of free waged workers. It asserts that the abolition of the slave trade in 1850 and the subsequent inauguration of the penitentiary augured profound changes in Rio's labor landscape, from a predominantly unfree to a free wage labor force.

The Labor Force in Meiji Economic Growth: A Quantitative Study of Yamanashi Prefecture

1966 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arlon Tussing
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Wage Labor ◽  
Advanced Country ◽  
Large Enterprise ◽  
Employment Relationships ◽  
Family Enterprise ◽  
History Of

Economic development and “modernization” have certain universal consequences for the structure and organization of the labor force. The history of each advanced country shows a shift of population out of agriculture and the replacement of family enterprise and particularistic employment relationships by large enterprise and wage labor. But the pace and completeness of these inevitable changes have varied widely among different countries.

scholarly journals The Economics of Badmouthing: Libel Law and the Underworld of the Financial Press in France Before World War I

2011 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 616-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Bignon ◽  
Marc Flandreau
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Capital Market ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
World War ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Financial Press ◽  
The Way ◽  
Libel Law

This article analyzes the economics of “badmouthing” in the context of the pre-1914 French capital market. We argue that badmouthing was a means through which racketeering journals sought to secure property rights over issuers' reputation. We provide a theoretical study of the market setup that emerged to deal with such problems, and we test our predictions using new evidence from contemporary sources.“A newspaper that wishes to make its fortune should never waste its columns and weary its readers by praising anything. Eulogy is invariably dull—a fact that Mr. Alf had discovered and utilized.”A. Trollope, The Way We Live Now, 1875“And did you threaten him with the newspapers?”H. de Balzac, La maison Nucingen, 1837

Letters from Sydney

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onur Ulas Ince
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Social Revolution ◽  
Wage Labor ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Systematic Solution ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Policy Proposals ◽  
Colonial Settlement ◽  
Imperial State ◽  
At Home

This chapter examines Wakefield’s political economic arguments and policy proposals for the colonial settlement of Australasia as a systematic solution to the demographic problems of overpopulation in Britain and underpopulation in Britain’s colonies. It is argued that Wakefield’s theory of “systematic colonization” aimed to protect the British capitalist civilization from social revolution at home and frontier barbarism in the colonies. Equating capitalist civilization with wage labor, Wakefield planned for the creation of a legally free yet structurally dependent colonial labor force. This would be achieved by imposing preemptive crown rights and artificially inflated prices on colonial lands, which would prevent poor emigrants from becoming landowners and force them to work for colonial capitalists. Cognizant of the illiberality of instituting colonial wage servitude by the imperial state, Wakefield fabricated a utilitarian myth of “contractual dispossession,” recasting systematic colonization and colonial proletarianization as the enforcement of an original “settler contract” among colonists.

scholarly journals Start-up Nation? Slave Wealth and Entrepreneurship in Civil War Maryland

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe González ◽  
Guillermo Marshall ◽  
Suresh Naidu
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Suggestive Evidence ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Dun And Bradstreet ◽  
Total Wealth

Slave property rights yielded a source of collateral as well as a coerced labor force. Using data from Dun and Bradstreet linked to the 1860 census and slave schedules in Maryland, we find that slaveowners were more likely to start businesses prior to the uncompensated 1864 emancipation, even conditional on total wealth and human capital, and this advantage disappears after emancipation. We assess a number of potential explanations, and find suggestive evidence that this is due to the superiority of slave wealth as a source of collateral for credit rather than any advantage in production. The collateral dimension of slave property magnifies its importance to historical American economic development.

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