Catalytic pyrolysis of lignin-cellulose biomass and its model phenolic components on the nanosized oxides surface

Lignocellulose is currently considered as a potential renewable source of a wide range of valuable chemicals, including aromatics. Catalytic pyrolysis is the promising method for the conversion of biomass raw materials. The development of renewable biomass pyrolysis technologies requires fundamental research on catalytic thermal transformations of lignocellulosic raw materials. Therefore, in this work, the methods of IR spectroscopy, temperature programmed desorption mass spectrometry (TPD MS) and thermogravimetric analysis were used to investigate the catalytic thermal transformations of rapeseed meal (RM) and ferulic acid (FA) as a model phenol-containing component of such raw material on the surface of nanosized oxides CeO2, SiO2 TiO2/SiO2, Al2O3/SiO2 and CeO2/SiO2. The most effective catalyst in the conversion of biomass to ketones was a nanocomposite CeO2/SiO2 with the highest content of nanoparticles of CeO2 (24%). According to the data of FTIR spectroscopic studies, the interaction of FA with the CeO2 surface occurs with the participation of phenol and carboxyl groups. The main products of thermal decomposition of FA on the surface of CeO2 are 3-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, guaiacol, coumaric acid and hydroxybenzene. Condensed aromatics (naphthalene, alkylnaphthalenes) were registered in small quantities.

Dissipation of Pulsed Electron Beam in Hydrogen and Oxygen in High Pressure

This paper presents results of study of dissipation processes of pulsed electron beam in the oxygen and hydrogen (300 Torr). These gases are chosen owing of their use as a operating environment at pulse plasmochemical synthesis of nanosized oxides of metals. Experimental studies are conducted on the laboratory TEU-500 electron accelerator (500 keV electron energy; 10 кА ejected electron current; 60 ns half-amplitude pulse duration; 5 pps pulse repetition rate; diameter of a bunch is 5 cm). The electron beam was removed in a drift pipe through the anode window which is the supporting lattice (with optical transparency of 95%) and through aluminum foil 140 microns thick. The pipe of drift is equipped with three shunts of the return current which are fixing a signal at the same time. The received results of researches allow to make a conclusion. It is necessary to increase length to 80 cm and diameter to 30 cm of a pipe of drift for optimum absorption of a pulse electron beam by operating gas, for obtaining high efficiency of electron accelerator of pulse plasmochemical synthesis of nanosized oxides of silicon and the titan.