Gender role stereotypes and frames used by advertisers between portrayals of women, men, and non-binary individuals in Facebook advertising

The purpose of this study is to investigate the gender role stereotypes and framing effects in online digital advertisements. The literature review provides information about Framing theory and gender role stereotypes of women, men, and non-binary individuals portrayed in online advertisements as a means to push for further research in the field of online digital advertising. The effectiveness of Facebook for businesses will also be discussed in the literature review. Prior completed studies are referenced to show both framing as a theory and gender role stereotypes as broad enough to effect online advertising as it does print or television advertising. The predominant results show that gender role stereotypes in digital advertising have improved over time as the social atmosphere has began to equalize between the genders. Engagement metrics are also studied to determine if engagement (i.e. views) is increased for posts using traditional stereotypes. This leads to the need for further research of these gender role stereotypes and frames in the online medium of advertising to better understand what effects it may have on consumers.

Do Gender Role Stereotypes and Patriarchal Culture Affect Nursing Students’ Major Satisfaction?

This study aimed to identify the relationships between gender role stereotypes (GRS), patriarchal family environment, and major satisfaction (MS) and their associated factors in nursing students. A total of 195 nursing students (154 women, 41 men) were surveyed online in South Korea from May to June 2020. The Gender Role Stereotype Inventory was used to assess gender role stereotypes, while patriarchal family environment and MS were evaluated using a 11-item instrument for testing patriarchal family environment and the Major Satisfaction Inventory, respectively. Men demonstrated stronger gender role stereotypes and patriarchal family culture than women. Patriarchal family culture was significantly correlated with gender role stereotypes and MS. A multiple regression analysis was performed to identify the effects of age, academic performance, motive for MS, intellectual GRS, social GRS, and patriarchal family environment on MS. The explanatory power of this model was 12.2%. Younger age, higher grade point average, voluntary selection of major, lower intellectual gender stereotypes, and higher social gender stereotypes predicted higher MS. Further studies on cultures in Asia and the world are needed to understand the impact of the patriarchal family culture and gender role stereotypes of nursing students on school adaptation.